Prelims

• Based on decimal system; a system of divisions and multiples of tens

  Metric System
• Standard measurement of Length

  m
• Standard measurement of weight

  g
• Standard measurement of volume

  L
• Standardized system based on seven base units

  International system (SI units)
• Length - meter - m
• Mass - kilogram - kg
• Time - second - s
• Amount of substance - Mole - mol
• Electrical current - ampere - A
• Temperature - Kelvin - K
• Luminous intensity - Candela - cd
• Any substance employed to induce chemical reaction

  Reagents
• A substance that is used to test for the presence of another substance by causing a chemical reaction with it

  Reagents
• These chemicals met specifications designed to permit use in quantitative and qualitative analysis controls

  Reagent grade or Analytical grade
• Purity is usually delivered by measurement of melting point or boiling point


  Chemical pure grade (CP)
• Highly purified chemicals which maybe weighed out directly for the preparation of solutions of selected concentration or for the standardization of solutions of unknown strength

  Primary Standard
• Solutions whose concentration cannot be determined directly from the weight of solute and volume of the solution

  Secondary Standard
• In general these chemicals should not be used in clinical determination

  Purified grade
• Generally used in manufacturing

   

  Technical grade
• Represents other grades of purity.  While they are adequate for human consumption, they may not be pure enough for specific chemical determinations

  USP and NF
• Use for procedure that use maximum water purity

  Type I Reagent Water
• Use for most of clinical laboratory determination

  Type II Reagent Water
• Hematology, immunology, microbiology

  Type II Reagent Water
• For most of the qualitative measurement

  Type III Reagent Water
• Urinalysis, parasitology, histology, washing glasswares

  Type III Reagent Water
• Distilled water is being redistilled with alkaline permanganate solution that oxidizes the nitrogenous matter present

  Distillation
• Also known as demineralized water (DI water, DIW or de-ionized water) water that has had its mineral ions removed, such as cations from sodium, calcium, iron, copper and anions such as chloride and bromide


  Deionization
• Fundamental process in the preparation of standards, reagents, gravimetric analysis, or calibration of volumetric equipment, requiring analytical balances.

  Measurement of Mass
• Is the measure of the quantity of matter a body contain.

  Mass
• In everyday usage, "mass" is often used interchangeably with _____.

  Weight
• Types of Balances

  1. Top loading balances
  2. Electronic balances
• is the measurement of the quantity of matter in a liquid state

  volume
• Is an amorphous (non-crystalline) solid material

  Glasswares
• Are typically brittle and optically transparent

  Glasses
• A type of glass with the main glass-forming constituents silica and boron oxide


  High thermal resistant / Borosilicate glasswares
• Clinical laboratory glasswares are used to measure  volume