World War 1

• Creation of the Schlieffen Plan

  1905
• Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary in Sarajevo by Garvrilo Princip who's part of the black hand (Bosnian-Serbian nationalist), an event that triggers the war

  June 28 1914
• Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia


  July 28 1914
• Germany declares war on Russia


  August 1 1914
• Germany invaded Luxembourg and Belgium


  August 2 1914
• Germany declares war on France


  August 3 1914
• Britain declares war on Germany


  August 4 1914
• First battle of the Marne, Allied forces stop the Germans from advancing into France


  September 5-12 1914
• Second Battle begins, first large-scale use of poison gas by Germany


  April 22 1915
• Gallipoli Campaign begins, Allied forces land on the Gallipoli Peninsula in an attempt to open a sea route to Russia


  April 25 1915
• The sinking of the RMS Lusitania by a German U-boat influenced US public opinion against Germany


  May 7 1915
• Bulgaria joins the Central Powers by declaring war on Serbia


  October 14 1915
• The Battle of Verdun starts, one of the longest and most expensive conflicts of the war


  February 21 1916
• Battle of Jutland, the largest naval battle of the war between the British Royal Navy and the Imperial German Navy


  May 31-June 1 1916
• Germany resumes unrestricted submarine warfare, a factor leading to U.S. entry into the war

  February 1 1917
• United States declares war on Germany

  April 6 1917
• The Bolshevik party seized power in Russia's capital, sparking the communist October Revolution and then leading to the establishment of the Soviet Union


  November 7 1917
• Treaty of Brest-Litovsk signed between Bolshevik Russia and the Central Powers, ending Russia's participation in the war


  March 3 1918
• Start of the German Spring Offensive; Germany's last major attempt to break the stalemate


  March 21 1918
• Second Battle of the Marne; Allied forces begin to push back the Germans


  July 15 1918
• Armistice of Compiègne signed; fighting ends at 11 a.m., marking the end of World War I

  November 11 1918
• Treaty of Versailles signed, officially ending the war and imposing heavy reparations and territorial losses on Germany


  June 28 1919
• MAINS


  • Militarism
  • Alliances
  • Imperialism
  • Nationalism
  • Significant individuals
• Schlieffen Plan


  • Created by Alfred von Schlieffen who was a war minister
  • Created in 1905
  • Plan to avoid fighting France and Russia at the same time
• Schlieffen's Assumptions


  • Russia would take 6 weeks to mobilise
  • France would be defeated in 6 weeks
  • Belgium would not resist the invasion
  • Britain would not interfere
• Schlieffen's Failures


  • Belgium fought back
  • Britain aided Belgium
  • Russia mobilised troops in 10 days
  • Germany was forced to defend the Eastern border
  • France loaned Russia money to prepare their army
• The Triple Entente


  • Russia
  • France
  • Great Britain
• The Triple Alliance


  • Germany
  • Austria-Hungary
  • Italy
• Central Powers


  • Germany
  • Austria-Hungary
  • Turkey(Ottoman Empire)
• Allies (Allied Powers)


  • Great Britain
  • Russia
  • France
  • Serbia
  • Australia
  • New Zealand
  • U.S.
• The Triple Alliance changed their name to Central Powers after Italy left and Turkey joined
• The Triple Entente changed their name to Allies after more countries joined
• Gallipoli Campaign


  • Goal was to shorten the war by defeating Turkey, persuading Greece, Bulgaria and Romania to join the Allies, ensuring Russia received supplies from the Allies via the Dardanelles and making Austria-Hungary feel threatened
  • Plan A was to capture the Dardanelles using naval attacks, which failed
  • Plan B was to capture the Dardanelles using a land attack on the Gallipoli Peninsula
  • Despite the collapse of the naval operation, the Allies decided to conduct a ground assault. Troops landed on the Gallipoli Peninsula at a number of sites, with the most major landings taking place at Anzac Cove and Cape Helles. The landings were faced with strong resistance by Ottoman soldiers. The Allies were unable to achieve their early goals and were forced into trench warfare
  • The Allies decided to withdraw, the evacuation was best planned and managed part of the entire campaign. During December 1915, the ANZACs used tricks to convince the Turks that everything was normal, when the Turks stormed the trenches on the 20th of December it was empty
• Trench Warfare


  • Mustard gas
  • Kit
  • Machine guns
  • Scaling ladders
  • Trench design
  • No man's land
• Fronts


  • Western Front
  • Eastern Front
  • Middle Eastern Front
  • Home Front
• Main reasons for enlisting

  • Loyalty to nation and patriotic responsibility
  • Social pressure
  • Adventure and travel
  • Economic rewards
  • Loyalty to British Empire
• Commemoration of ANZACs


  • Dawn services in Australia and New Zealand
  • ANZAC cookies
  • Wreaths placed at war monuments and memorials
• French Revolution


  • Fundamental goals were personal liberties, equal rights under the law, and a spirit of fraternity among everyone
  • Desire to redress social disparities and economic problems, including the removal of feudal privileges and the introduction of more fair taxes
  • Drive for a political system in which citizens could voice their opinions and participate in government
• The 3 estates


  • First Estate (clergy)
  • Second Estate (nobles)
  • Third Estate (Commoners)
• American Revolution


  • Cause was the colonists' dissatisfaction with their lack of representation in the British Parliament and unjust taxation without representation
  • Colonists were upset with Britain due to restrictive trade tactics, lack of political autonomy and representation, violations of presumed inherent rights and liberties, and economic exploitation under British mercantilist policy