AO1

• Behaviour modification is not an alternative to custodial sentencing
• Behaviour modification is based on operant conditioning where desirable behaviours are reinforced.
• One of the aims of custodial sentences is to provide rehabilitation for prisoners. This includes behaviour modification such as token economy programmes
• Token economy programmes are examples of behaviour modification and can be used within institutions to encourage desirable behaviour.
• Token economies modify behaviour by giving tokens for desirable behaviour, which can be exchanged for genuine rewards.
• Token economies - good behaviour is rewarded with a token (secondary reinforcer) which can be traded in for primary reinforcer eg phone call, offender will learn to associate good behaviour with rewards which encourages the behaviour on a day-to-day basis