liverpool

• located on river mersey estuary
• use to be UNESCO world heritage site and european capital of culture
• in 2017 they had 840000 visitors which contributed £358 million to UK economy
• its the 2nd biggest city in the north west
• 3000 companies which employ around 50000 local people which contributes £3.2 billion to the economy
• 1845 irish potato famine meant people moved to liverpool
• by 1850 20% of liverpools population was irish
• there was 2 million migrants from Ireland
• now 75% of Liverpudlian population has Irish ancestry
• late 1700s and early 1800s welsh migrants were attracted to liverpool for industrial revolution and helped build railways
• by 1813 10% of the liverpool population was welsh
• they have has ships from around the world since 1715
• chinatown dating back to the 19th century
• 1 in 8 people has ethnic background
• oldest black african community
• 2008 european capital culture
• black african roots dating back to 1730
• liverpool was the 1st commercial shipping line to trade with china
• opportunities created by change in liverpool

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• opportunities created by change in liverpool

  1. cultural mixing
  2. recreation and entertainment
  3. employment
• cultural mixing has brought festivals and foods, chinatown is a popular destination
• recreation and entertainment include...

  1. regenerating albert dock to include restaurants, shops and museums
  2. echo sports arena built of brown field site at kings dock
  3. £1 billion spent on regenerating city entre into liverpool 1
• in the tourism and service sector 160000 jobs are offered
• there is development in the baltic triangle where derelict factories are used to create new industries
• Mersey travels is an integrated transport system where the buses, trains and ferry's are all prepaid on a card so you can use them all
• environmental challenges

  1. dereliction
  2. building on brownfield vs greenfield
  3. waste disposal
• Toxteth abandoned and vandalised houses
• waste increases as the population increases
• in december 2015 new waste and recycle centre opened in old swan
• brownfield site kings dock
• 2016 reject to build 160 new homes on greenfield site
• social and economic challenges in liverpool

  1. urban deprivation
  2. housing inequality
  3. education and employment
• urban deprivation 


  industrial decline in the 20th century - cities like toxteth and anfield run down
• housing inequality

  1. houses and reparied and rebuilt making them more expensive
  2. more expensive housing is nearer to better education and healthcare
• education and employment

  1. youth unemployment is 8.5% where as natioanlly its 2.8%
  2. deprived areas people tend to leave school early
• urban sprawl is the unplanned growth of an urban area into the countryside
• the rural - urban fringe is where a city meets the countryside
• croxteth park has a large housing estate built of rural land
• out of town development like like Knowsley business take advantage of cheap and accessible land
• commuter settlements like Aughton is where the majority of the population of a town leave to work