Topic B4 - bioenergenetics

• What does photosynthesis use to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose?

  Energy from light
• What is produced during photosynthesis?

  Glucose and oxygen
• What three factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?

  Light, CO₂, and temperature
• How does light intensity affect the rate of photosynthesis?

  • Light provides energy for photosynthesis.
  • Rate increases with light intensity up to a point.
  • Beyond that point, other factors become limiting.
• What happens to the rate of photosynthesis when there is not enough light?

  It slows down
• What indicates that CO₂ is no longer the limiting factor in photosynthesis?

  The graph flattens out as CO₂ increases
• What is the effect of increasing CO₂ on the rate of photosynthesis?

  It increases the rate up to a certain point
• What temperature is typically too high for the enzymes involved in photosynthesis?

  About 45 °C
• What happens to enzymes at low temperatures during photosynthesis?

  They work more slowly
• What does a graph showing the effect of multiple limiting factors on photosynthesis illustrate?

  • Rate increases with light intensity.
  • Levels off when light is no longer limiting.
  • Temperature can be a limiting factor at lower levels.
• How can the rate of photosynthesis be measured using Canadian pondweed?

  • Measure oxygen production.
  • Use a light source at a specific distance.
  • Collect oxygen in a capillary tube.
  • Control variables like temperature and time.
• How does the inverse square law relate to light intensity and distance?

  Light intensity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance
• What happens to light intensity if the distance from the light source is halved?

  It becomes four times greater
• What is the purpose of a greenhouse in farming?

  To create ideal growing conditions for plants
• What are some methods farmers use to optimize conditions for photosynthesis in greenhouses?

  • Use heaters to maintain temperature.
  • Provide artificial light at night.
  • Increase CO₂ levels with paraffin heaters.
  • Control pests and diseases easily.
• What is respiration in the context of energy transfer?

  It transfers energy that cells need for various functions
• Why is respiration important for cells?

  It provides the energy needed for cellular activities
• What are the equations for photosynthesis?

  6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
• How does the inverse square law apply to light intensity in practical scenarios?

  It helps predict how light intensity changes with distance
• What is the role of enzymes in photosynthesis?

  They catalyze reactions necessary for the process
• What is the significance of limiting factors in photosynthesis?

  They determine the maximum rate of photosynthesis
• Why is it important to control variables in photosynthesis experiments?

  To ensure accurate and reliable results
• How can gardeners increase the level of carbon dioxide in a greenhouse?

  By using a paraffin heater to heat the greenhouse
• What is a by-product of burning paraffin in a greenhouse?

  Carbon dioxide
• Why is keeping plants enclosed in a greenhouse beneficial?

  It makes it easier to keep them free from pests and diseases
• What can farmers add to the soil to promote healthy plant growth?

  Fertilizers
• What is the financial implication of maintaining optimal conditions for photosynthesis in farming?

  It costs money, but leads to faster plant growth and more frequent harvests
• Why is it important for a farmer to supply just the right amount of heat and light?

  To ensure plants grow well without wasting money
• How does respiration differ from breathing?

  Respiration involves chemical reactions to transfer energy, not just breathing in and out
• What is respiration primarily used for in living organisms?

  To transfer energy from food
• What is the process of transferring energy from glucose called?

  Respiration
• In which organisms does respiration occur?

  In all living things, including plants
• What are three uses of energy transferred by respiration?

  To build larger molecules, contract muscles, and maintain body temperature
• What type of reaction is respiration classified as?

  Exothermic
• What is metabolism?

  The sum of all chemical reactions in an organism
• How are enzymes related to metabolism?

  Enzymes control the chemical reactions in metabolism
• What is produced when glucose is broken down in respiration?

  Energy
• What happens to smaller molecules during metabolism?

  They can be joined to form larger molecules
• What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

  Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water
• What is the most efficient way to transfer energy from glucose?

  Aerobic respiration