3. COMMUNITY WASTE MANAGEMENT

• Waste materials consists of human excreta, garbage, refuse, and industrial waste
• Refuse


  refers to solid and semi-solid waste material other than human excreta
• REFUSE IS DIVIDED INTO

  1. Garbage
  2. Rubbish
  3. Ashes
• Garbage


  These are solid wastes resulting from the processing, preparation and consumption of foods
• Rubbish

  • Combustible
  • Non-Combustible
• Ashes


  Left over from burning wood and charcoal. Irritant to eyes and nose.
• TYPES OF WASTE ACCORDING TO USE

  1. Household waste
  2. Hazardous waste
• Household waste is divided into

  1. Biodegradable
  2. Non-Biodegradable
• Hazardous waste is also called as Industrial Waste
• 3 BASIC METHODS OF REFUSE DISPOSAL

  • Storage
  • Collection
  • Final disposal
• Excreta are feces, urine, and discharges from nose and skin
• Sewage is water with discharge of the human body together with liquid waste from households and factory
• RELATED DISEASES

  1. Bacterial Infection
  2. Viral Infection
  3. Protozoan Infection
  4. Helminthic Infection
• Bacterial Infection

  typhoid, cholera, bacillary dysentery, gastro-enteritis
• Viral Infection

  infectious hepatitis, poliomyelitis
• Protozoan Infection

  Amoebiasis
• Helminthic Infection

  ascaris, hookworm, schistosomiasis
• Mode of Transmission for excreta-related disease

  • Water
  • Arthroprods
  • Soil
  • Hands
• LEVELS OF TOILET USE

  1. Individual Household Toilet
  2. Shared Toilet
  3. Communal Excreta Disposal System
  4. Public Toilet
  5. School Toilet
• Shared Toilet is an excreta disposal system used by 2-3 households (10 – 15 individuals)
• Communal Excreta Disposal System is an excreta disposal system that serves a group of dwellings toilet facility shared by 2 or more households
• Ventilated Improved Pit (VIP) Laterine


  refers to an on-site toilet facility wherein the pit receives excreta directly from the user and therefore does not require water for flushing
• Pour-flush Toilet with Septic Tank


  The pour-flush toilet has a bowl with a water-seal trap. It is as hygienic as the conventional tank-flush toilet and requires only a small volume of water for flushing.
• Water carriage type with pour-flush type toilet


  connected to septic tanks/or to sewerage systems to treatment plants.
• UNAPPROVED TYPE OF TOILET FACILITIES

  1. Pit Latrine or Open Pit Privy
  2. Overhung
• Pit Latrine or Open Pit Privy


  a pit of at least the same dimension as the sanitary pit privy, provided with pit flooring, with or without riser and seat and without cover to protect from flies and rodents.
• Overhung


  structure provided with flooring and with an opening built above the body of water or above the ground without a pit under it, used for defecation or the disposal of human waste. It may be a part of the house or a separate structure outside the house.