chemical tests

• Chlorine gas


  Bleaches damp litmus paper
• Oxygen


  Relights a glowing splint
• carbon dioxide


  bubbling theough limewater and goes cloudy
• hydrogen


  Lit splint squeaky pop
• what's limewater?


  calcium hydroxide
• carbonates


  drops of dilute acid, connect to test tube of limewater, CO2 will be released and turn limewater cloudy if present
• sulfate


  add a couple of drops of dilute hcl + couple of drops of barium chloride, white precipertate of barium sulfate will form
• Halides


  couple of drops of dilute nitric acid and silver nitrate, form silver halide
• Lithium (flame test)


  crimson
• sodium (flame test)


  Yellow
• potassium (flame test)


  lilac
• calcium (flame test)


  orange-red
• copper (flame test)


  green
• calcium and sodium hydroxide

  White precipitate
• copper and sodium hydroxide


  Blue precipitate
• iron (II) and sodium hydroxide

  Green precipitate
• iron (III) and sodium hydroxide

  Brown precipitate
• aluminium and sodium hydroxide


  white but then dissolves to colourless
• magnesium and sodium hydroxide


  White precipitate