DVP - Chapter 4

• The act or process of giving birth.

  Parturition
• Mechanical monitoring

  of fetal heartbeat during labor and delivery.

  Electronic Fetal Monitoring
• Delivery of a baby by surgical

  removal from the uterus.

  Cesarean Delivery
• Method of childbirth that seeks to

  prevent pain by eliminating the mother’s fear through

  education about the physiology of reproduction and

  training in breathing and relaxation during delivery.

  Natural Childbirth
• Method of childbirth that uses

  instruction, breathing exercises, and social support to

  induce controlled physical responses to uterine

  contractions and reduce fear and pain.

  Prepared Childbirth
• An experienced mentor who furnishes emotional

  support and information for a woman during labor.

  Doula
• First 4 weeks of life, a time of

  transition from intrauterine dependency to independent

  existence.

  Neonatal Period
• Newborn baby, up to 4 weeks old.

  Neonate
• Lack of oxygen, which may cause brain

  damage.

  Anoxia
• Condition, in many newborn

  babies, caused by immaturity of liver and evidenced by

  yellowish appearance; can cause brain damage if not

  treated promptly.

  Neonatal Jaundice
• Standard measurement of a newborn’s

  condition; it assesses appearance, pulse, grimace,

  activity, and respiration.

  APGAR Scale
• Neurological and behavioral test to measure

  neonate’s responses to the environment.

  Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS)
• An infant’s physiological and

  behavioral status at a given moment in the periodic daily

  cycle of wakefulness, sleep, and activity.

  State of Arousal
• Infants born before

  completing the 37th week of gestation.

  Preterm (Premature) Infants
• Infants whose birth weight is less than of 90 percent of

  babies of the same gestational age, as a result of slow

  fetal growth.

  Small for Date Infants
• of skin to-skin contact in

  which a newborn is laid face down between the mother’s

  breasts for an hour or so at a time after birth.

  Kangaroo Care Method
• A fetus not yet born as of 2 weeks after the

  due date or 42 weeks after the mother’s last menstrual

  period.

  Postmature
• Death of a fetus at or after the 20th week of

  gestation.

  Stillbirth
• Proportion of babies born

  alive who die within the 1st year.

  Infant Mortality Rate
• Sudden and

  unexplained death of an apparently healthy infant.

  Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
• tendency of each of the brain’s

  hemispheres to have specialized functions.

  Lateralization
• Process by which neurons coordinate the

  activities of muscle groups.

  Integration
• In brain development, normal elimination

  of excess brain cells to achieve more efficient

  functioning.

  Cell Death
• Process of coating neural pathways with

  a fatty substance called myelin, which enables faster

  communication between cells.

  Myelination
• Automatic, involuntary, innate

  responses to stimulation.

  Reflex Behaviors
• Modifiability of the brain through

  experience.

  Plasticity
• Screening test given to children 1 month to 6 years old to

  determine whether they are developing normally.

  Denver Developmental Screening Test
• Physical skills that involve the

  large muscles.

  Gross Motor Skills
• Physical skills that involve the

  small muscles and eye– hand coordination.

  Fine Motor Skills
• Ability to perceive objects and

  surfaces three dimensionally.

  Depth Perception
• Ability to acquire information

  about properties of objects, such as size, weight, and

  texture, by handling them.

  Haptic Perception
• Apparatus designed to give an illusion of

  depth and used to assess depth perception in infants.

  Visual Cliff
• Theory developed

  by Eleanor and James Gibson, which describes

  developing motor and perceptual abilities as

  interdependent parts of a functional system that guides

  behavior in varying contexts.

  Ecological Theory of Perception
• Thelen’s

  theory, which holds that motor development is a

  dynamic process of active coordination of multiple

  systems within the infant in relation to the environment.

  Dynamic Systems Theory (DST)