DVP - Chapter 7

• Abrupt awakening from a deep sleep in

  a state of agitation, generally occurs in young children.

  Night Terror
• Walking around and sometimes

  performing other functions while asleep.

  Sleep Walking
• Talking while asleep.

  Sleep Talking
• A bad dream, sometimes brought on by

  staying up too late, eating a heavy meal close to bedtime,

  or overexcitement.

  Nightmare
• Repeated urination in clothing or in bed.

  Enuresis
• Physical skills that involve the

  large muscles.

  Gross Motor Skills
• Physical skills that involve the small

  muscles and eye– hand coordination.

  Fine Motor Skills
• Increasingly complex combinations

  of motor skills, which permit a wider or more precise

  range of movement and more control of the environment.

  Systems of Action
• Preference for using a particular hand.

  Handedness
• Tooth decay, cavities.

  Dental Caries
• in piaget’s theory, the second

  major stage of cognitive development, in which

  symbolic thought expands but children cannot yet use

  logic effectively. (words, numbers, or images) to which

  a child has attached meaning.

  Preoperational Stage
• Piaget’s term for ability to use

  mental representations.

  Symbolic Function
• Play involving imaginary people and

  situations; also called fantasy play, dramatic play, or

  imaginative play.

  Pretend Play
• Piaget’s term for a preoperational

  child’s tendency to mentally link particular phenomena,

  whether or not there is logically a causal relationship.

  Transduction
• Tendency to attribute life to objects that are

  not alive.

  Animism
• In Piaget’s theory, the tendency of

  preoperational children to focus on one aspect of a

  situation and neglect others.

  Centration
• In Piaget’s terminology, to think

  simultaneously about several aspects of a situation.

  Decenter
• Piaget’s term for inability to consider

  another person’s point of view; a characteristic of young

  children’s thought.

  Egocentrism
• Piaget’s term for awareness that two

  objects that are equal according to a certain measure

  remain equal in the face of perceptual alteration so long

  as nothing has been added to or taken away from either

  object.

  Conservation
• Piaget’s term for a preoperational

  child’s failure to understand that an operation can go in

  two or more directions.

  Irreversability
• Awareness and understanding of

  mental processes.

  Theory of Mind
• Process by which information is

  prepared for long-term storage and later retrieval.

  Encoding
• Retention of information in memory for

  future use.

  Storage
• Process by which information is accessed

  or recalled from memory storage.

  Retrieval
• Initial, brief, temporary storage of

  sensory information.

  Sensory Memory
• Short-term storage of information

  being actively processed.

  Working Memory
• Storage of virtually unlimited

  capacity that holds information for long periods.

  Long-term Memory
• In Baddeley’s model, element of

  working memory that controls the processing of

  information.

  Central Executive
• Ability to identify a previously

  encountered stimulus. recall Ability to reproduce

  material from memory.

  Recognition
• Ability to reproduce material from memory.

  Recall
• Understanding of processes of

  memory.

  Metamemory
• Thinking about thinking, or

  awareness of one’s own mental processes.

  Metacognition
• Conscious control of thoughts,

  emotions, and actions to accomplish goals or solve

  problems.

  Executive Function
• Memory that produces scripts of

  familiar routines to guide behavior.

  Generic Memory
• General remembered outline of a familiar,

  repeated event, used to guide behavior.

  Script
• Long-term memory of specific

  experiences or events, linked to time and place.

  Episodic Memory
• Memory of specific

  events in one’s life.

  Autobiographical Memory
• Model, based on

  Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, that proposes children

  construct autobiographical memories through

  conversation with adults about shared events.

  Social Interaction Model
• Individual

  intelligence tests for ages 2 and up used to measure

  fluid reasoning, knowledge, quantitative reasoning,

  visual-spatial processing, and working memory.

  Stanford-Binet Intelligent Scale
• Revised (WPPSI-IV) Individual

  intelligence test for children, which yields verbal and

  performance scores as well as a combined score.

  Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence