Challenges to Elizabeth's Rule

• What was Elizabeth I's approach to ruling?

  She was a cautious ruler.
• What was one of the main challenges Elizabeth faced?

  The Spanish Armada
• What was the potential consequence of sending Mary back to Scotland or France?

  Mary could gather more support.
• What was one option Elizabeth considered regarding Mary?

  Keeping Mary imprisoned
• What was a risk of unlawfully imprisoning Mary?

  It could provoke international outcry.
• What would executing Mary potentially provoke?

  International attacks against Elizabeth.
• What title was given to Mary while she was under Elizabeth's control?

  A closely guarded royal 'guest'
• Why did Elizabeth move Mary from castle to castle?

  To avoid her being the focus of plots.
• Who pressured Elizabeth to execute Mary?

  Members of Parliament (MPs)
• What was the goal of the plots against Elizabeth?

  To get Mary on the throne.
• By what year were MPs pressuring Elizabeth regarding Mary?

  1572
• What was the main concern of MPs regarding Mary?

  To keep England secure.
• Who was executed on 8 February 1587?

  Mary, Queen of Scots
• What was Mary, Queen of Scots found guilty of?

  Treason
• Where was Mary executed?

  Fotheringhay Castle
• Why did Elizabeth hesitate to execute Mary?

  She feared international backlash
• What happened to Elizabeth's secretary after he took the death warrant?

  He was put in the Tower for 18 months
• Who did Elizabeth write to after Mary's execution?

  King James
• What was the consequence of Mary's execution for France?

  They wanted to maintain their alliance with England
• Why was Spain already at war with England?

  Due to the actions of the Sea Dogs
• Who was the King of Scotland during Elizabeth's reign?

  King James VI
• Why did King James VI take no action after Mary's execution?

  He was Elizabeth's heir
• What was the religious affiliation of English Catholics during Elizabeth's reign?

  They remained loyal to Elizabeth
• What were the main challenges Elizabeth faced during her reign?

  • Rivalry with Mary, Queen of Scots
  • Threat from the Spanish Armada
  • Tensions with France
• What were the consequences of Mary's execution for England's foreign relations?

  • France maintained alliance with England
  • Spain was already at war with England
  • Scotland's King James VI took no action
• What was Elizabeth I's approach to ruling?

  She acted carefully to preserve England’s security
• What were the main challenges Elizabeth I faced during her reign?

  • Mary, Queen of Scots
  • The Spanish Armada
  • Religious tensions
• What was the Spanish Armada?

  An invasion of England in 1588
• What led to the war in 1585?

  Building tensions between England and Spain
• What were the religious differences between Spain and England?

  Spain was Catholic, England was Protestant
• Who was King Philip of Spain married to?

  Mary I
• What happened when King Philip offered to marry Elizabeth?

  She rejected his marriage proposal
• Who were the English sailors that attacked Spanish ships?

  Hawkins and Drake
• Why was King Philip furious with English sailors?

  They attacked and stole from Spanish ships
• What was the significance of the civil war in France for England and Spain?

  It reduced the threat from Spain to England
• What did Spain support that threatened Elizabeth's rule?

  Catholic plots to restore Catholicism
• What was the Dutch Revolt?

  A revolt against Spanish rule by Protestants
• Why did Elizabeth support the Dutch rebels?

  To keep Spain too busy to threaten England
• What did Elizabeth do to help the Dutch rebels?

  Sent an army to fight Spain
• What was the outcome of the Dutch Revolt by 1609?

  Dutch Protestants won control of Holland