Topic 4 bio

• Outline the importance of water


  1. ​photosynthesis​​

  2. maintain ​turgidity​ - through pressure in cell vacuoles

  3. transport medium for substances

  4. thermoregulation​ - so enzymes function at their optimum rate.
• Define biodiversity


  The variety of living organisms in an area
• Define species diversity


  Is the number of different species, and the number of individuals within each species in an area
• Define species richness


  The number of different species in a community
• Define species evenness


  The relative abundance of species in a community

  (Population size of each species)
• What's diversity index?


  A way of measuring species diversity
• Define endemic


  When a species is found in only one geographical location
• What is a biodiversity hotspot?

  Areas of high biodiversity
• What is genetic diversity?

  The number of alleles in one species
• What does heterozygosity index measure?

  Genetic diversity within a species
• What's habitat?


  Place where an organism lives
• Give three factors that affect biodiversity

  -population increase

  -Species eveness

  -species richness
• Give the diversity index equation

  
• Define genetic diversity


  The number of alleles in one species
• What is an allele?


  Different version of the same gene
• What's the difference between species, richness and genetic diversity?

  -species richness is the number of species in a habitat

  -whereas genetic diversity, is the number of alleles in ONE species
• Define gene pool


  The complete set of alleles in a species
• What is a phenotype?


  The observable (physical) characteristics of an organism
• Different alleles code for what?

  Different alleles code for different versions of the SAME characteristics
• Define genotype


  Sequence of base pairs
• How is genotype linked to alleles?

  The genotype for different alleles is different
• What does heterozygosity index measure?

  Genetic diversity within a species
• Heterozygous symbol


  Bb (different)
• Homozygous symbol


  BB (same)
• Define heterozygote


  Two different alleles at a particular locus
• What's locus?


  Locus is the position of a gene, on a chromosome
• Homozygous recessive symbol


  bb (same small)
• Homozygous dominant symbol


  BB
• Give the heterozygosity index equation

  
• What does high heterozygosity index mean?

  -increase genetic diversity

  -higher chance of survival
• Heterozygosity index for 65 Hetrozygote, in population of 300

  300-65= 235

  
  

  235/300= 0.22
• Define niche?


  a role taken by a type of organism within its community
• Difference between niche and habitat?

  Niche is an organisms occupation

  habitat is an organisms address
• What if two species have a similar niche?

  if two species have an identical or very similar niches, they cannot live in the same habitat
• All species that share a habitat have?

  different niches, and each will have adaptations for that niche
• What does adapted mean?


  adapted means specialised to suit the environment they're in
• 3 categories of adaptations?

  -structural (anatomical)

  -functional (physiological)

  -behavioural
• Difference between functional and structural?

  Functional happens "inside" the body, structural you can see it
• examples of overlap in adaptations?

  snakes have physical venom glands they produce (functional), but its also functional to attack predators
• Explain selection pressure


  the environmental factors (eg. predators, disease)