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• Data


  Facts related to any object in consideration
• Database


  A systematic collection of data
• Database management system (DBMS)


  A collection of programs which enables its users to access a database, manipulate data, and help in the representation of data
• Examples of DBMS usage

  • Online telephone directory
  • Electricity service provider
  • Facebook
• DBMS is not a new concept, first implemented in the 1960s
• Charles Bachmann's Integrated Data Store (IDS) is said to be the first DBMS in history
• Types of DBMS


  • Hierarchical
  • Network
  • Relational
  • Object-Oriented
• Hierarchical DBMS


  • Employs the parent-child relationship of storing data
  • Structure is like a tree with nodes representing records and branches representing fields
• Network DBMS


  • Supports many-to-many relationships
  • Results in complex database structures
• Relational DBMS


  • Defines database relationships in the form of tables (relations)
  • Does not support many-to-many relationships
  • Usually have predefined data types
• Object-Oriented Relational DBMS


  • Supports storage of new data types
  • Data is stored in the form of objects with attributes and methods
• SQL (Structured Query Language)

  • The standard language for dealing with relational databases
  • Can be used to insert, search, update, and delete database records
  • Also helps in optimizing and maintenance of databases
• SQL syntax is used in relational databases like MySQL, Oracle, MS SQL Server, Sybase, etc.
• The most widely used DBMS is the relational model, which stores data in table formats
• The database approach has many advantages when it comes to storing data compared to the traditional flat file-based systems