🧪Chemistry 🧪

• Which gases are found in the atmosphere?

  Nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide.
• What is the test for oxygen?

  A glowing splint
• What is the test for carbon dioxide?

  Lime water
• What is the test for hydrogen?

  Squeaky pop
• What is the crust?

  The outermost layer of the Earth's surface.
• What is the mantle?

  The mantle is mostly a

  semi-molten liquid upon

  which the Earth’s crust

  floats.
• What is the inner core?

  A hot, dense ball in the centre of the earth
• What is the outer core?

  a liquid layer, also made up of iron and nickel. It is still extremely hot
• What is combustion? 


  The process of burning something
• What is displacement?


  occurs when a more reactive element displaces, or pushes out, a less reactive element from a compound that contains the less reactive element
• What is thermal decomposition?

  The breakdown of a substance due to heat.
• What is the carbon cycle?

  the process by which carbon is exchanged between the atmosphere, land, oceans, and living organisms. It involves the uptake of carbon dioxide by plants through photosynthesis, the release of carbon dioxide through respiration and combustion, the transfer of carbon through the food chain, and the storage of carbon in fossil fuels and other geological formations. This cycle helps maintain the balance of carbon in the Earth's atmosphere and is essential for life on our planet.
• What is a carbon store? 


  The different places carbon can be found
• What is a fossil fuel?

  A fossil fuel is a natural fuel formed from the remains of dead plants and animals that lived millions of years ago, such as coal, oil, and natural gas.
• What is a greenhouse gas?

  gases in the atmosphere that raise temperatures
• 1. Why is carbon dioxide essential for life on Earth?

  Photosynthesis
• What are the plate tectonics?

  Sinking in one place leads to plates moving apart in other places. The movement of the plates and the activity inside the Earth, is called the theory of plate tectonics
• What is physical weathering?

  The breakdown of rocks into smaller pieces without changing their chemical composition.
• What is chemical weathering?

  The breakdown of rocks and minerals through chemical reactions.
• What is biological weathering?

  Biological weathering is the breakdown of rocks and minerals by living organisms.
• Physical weathering example:


  Ice cracking expanding rocks apart
• Chemical weathering example:


  Acid rain weathering statues
• Biological weathering example:


  Roots of a tree expanding and cracking rocks
• How are sedimentary rocks formed?

  Through the accumulation and compaction of sediment.
• Does sedimentary rocks have layers?

  Yes
• Are sedimentary rocks hard or soft?

  Soft
• How are sedimentary rocks formed?

  Erosion breaks up the rocks and weathering moves the bits away. These grains are fixed together by compaction and cementation
• Can sedimentary rocks contain fossils?

  Yes
• Examples of sedimentary rock? 


  Sandstone, limestone, coal, chalk
• Examples of metamorphic rocks?

  Marble and slate
• Does metamorphic rock contain layers?

  Yes- thin layers
• Is metamorphic rock soft or hard?

  Harder than sedimentary
• What type of grains is metamorphic rock made from?

  small crystals
• Is metamorphic rock porous or non porous?

  non-porous
• How are metamorphic rocks formed?

  Extreme pressures and temperatures on sedimentary rock make metamorphic rocks
• can metamorphic rocks contain fossils?

  Twisted fossils
• How are igneous rocks formed?

  When metamorphic rocks melt and cool
• What are ceramics? 


  • A product made

  essentially from a non-

  metallic mineral by firing

  at a high temperature.

  • Comes from the Greek

  "keramos," meaning

  "potter's clay”.
• What are the properties of ceramics?

  • Hard

  • Wear-resistant

  • Brittle

  • Heat resistant (refractory)

  • Thermal and electrical insulators

  • Nonmagnetic

  • chemically stable
• What is distillation?


  Distillation is a process used to separate and purify liquids based on their different boiling points.