Secularisation

    Cards (18)

    • UK social attitudes survey 2018
      • secularisation has increased with those with no religion from 31% to 52% over the last 25 years
    • Berger
      • access to religious beliefs has led to people questioning traditional teachings+
      • rise of different denomination of protestantism broke the monopoly of spirituality of the Catholic Church
    • Stark and Bainbridge
      Religion meets the needs of the individual through compensators increases in religions that offer more compensators and as new religions emerge, people reaffirm their beliefs through new organisations.
    • Stark and Bainbridge on religion
      • suggested that secularisation is a European phenomena and that religious belief is stronger in the rest of the world.
      • religion continues to have an importance in people's lives due to the functions it preforms for people
      • religion acts as a compensator as religion offers the reward of an afterlife in exchange for life's sacrifices
    • Religious market theory
      • competition brings more choice and innovation
      • secularisation in Europe more likely to occur in one-religion states
      • USA and other areas of world have more choice in terms of beliefs
    • Evaluation of Religious market theory
      High levels of attendance in the US but still long-term decline
    • Census Data 2011
      • 59.5% of UK population identified as Christian- decline from 72% in 2001
      • increases in other religions such as islam with 4.4%
    • Existential security theory
      Norris and inglehart used survey data to measure the extent of secularisation on a global scale, saw that secularisation wasn't caused by post-industrial society. Bourgeoisie- less religious, Proletariat- more religious
    • Agrarian societies
      • role of the state of providing healthcare and education is limited leading to conflict, poor infrastructure and healthcare means that people turn to religion to get the security the state didn't provide
    • Norris and inglehart conclusions
      • secularisation is not a global phenomena but linked to economic development which is caused by declining church attendance
      • A03- failing to objectively measure what existential crisis is
    • Gendered secularisation
      Rationalisation has led to secularisation, women are isolated from rationalisation and therefore are less likely to experience the effects of secularisation
    • Davie on secularisation
      • Religion is now a consumer choice not a forced act
      • Difficult to measure religion in terms of church attendance as people still believe without attending
      • People move towards religion in times of need or celebration
    • Evaluations of Davie
      • people identified being Christian as an identity not a belief
    • Bruce's secularisation paradigm (2011)

      Social changes that came from the Protestant reformation
      • Growth of individualism
      • Protestant work ethic
      • Development of rationality
    • Growth of individualism
      • Loss of collectivism as people turned from Catholicism to protestantism
      • Resulted in schisms and formed into sects- turning religion into a voluntary ideal
    • PWE
      • Led to the growth of industrial capitalism
      • Religious diversity has led religion to become privatised and commodified
    • Rationality
      • development of scientific thinking and growth of technology which makes people question religious doctrines
    • Evaluations of secularisation
      • confined to western societies even though globalisation occurs
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