biology B1(a) - cells

• Cell components common to animal and plant cells

  • Cell membrane
  • Cytoplasm
  • Nucleus
  • Mitochondria
• Cell membrane


  Controls entry and exit from cell
• Cytoplasm


  Liquid where chemical reactions occur
• Nucleus


  • Contains genetic material
  • Controls cells activities
• Mitochondria


  Site of aerobic respiration
• Cell components found only in plant cells


  • Vacuole
  • Chloroplast
  • Cell wall
• Vacuole


  • Contains cell sap
  • Keeps cell rigid
• Chloroplast


  Site of photosynthesis
• Cell wall


  Strengthens cell
• Cell components found only in bacterial cells


  • Slime capsule
  • Plasmids
  • Circular DNA
• Slime capsule


  • Stops cell drying out
  • Sticks bacteria together
• Plasmids


  Additional sections of DNA
• Circular DNA


  No nucleus or chromosomes
• Cell components found in all 3 cell types

  • Ribosome
• Ribosome


  Site of protein synthesis
• Nerve cell components


  • Nucleus
  • Dendrites
  • Axon
  • Myelin Sheath
• Dendrites


  Connects to other cells
• Axon


  • Carries nerve impulses
  • Very long
• Myelin Sheath


  Insulates axon
• Sperm cell components


  • Streamlined shape
  • Acrosome
  • Middle section
  • Long tail
• Streamlined shape


  Reduces 'drag' resistance
• Acrosome


  Contains enzymes that break down outer layer of egg
• Middle section


  Contains many mitochondria to transfer energy for tail
• Long tail


  To swim
• Root hair cell components


  • Root hair
  • Many mitochondria
• Root hair


  Increases surface area for absorption of water
• Many mitochondria


  For active transport of mineral ions
• Palisade cell components


  • Large vacuole
  • Many chloroplasts
• Large vacuole


  Keeps leaves rigid
• Many chloroplasts


  • Contain chlorophyll
  • For photosynthesis
• Transport tissue components


  • Xylem cells
  • Phloem cells
• Xylem cells


  • Carries H2O and mineral ions from root hair cells to leaves
  • Transpiration
  • Dead cells form tubes
  • Reinforced with lignin (wood)
• Phloem cells


  • Carries sugar from leaves to all cells
  • Translocation
  • Living cells
  • Supported by companion cells which transfer energy needed to move sugars
• Calculating magnification


  Eyepiece lens x objective lens = total magnification
• Calculating size of an object

  Image size = actual size x magnification