Medicine renaissance

• Thomas Sydenham


  believed in the four humours and careful observation , hated dissections , cool therapy cooling a patient to make them better , four humours was believed for longer and church was not challenged , bleeding was used as a treatment for longer and his ideas were spread in books
• Andreas Vesalius

  Discovered that the jawbone was one bone not two , blood didnt go through the heart , breastbone had 3 parts not 7 like an ape (disproved Galen) , he did not make people better but had accurate knowledge of body, 1543 Fabric of the human body, to spread knowledge of his ideas, helped improve surgery and people felt like they could challenge Galen
• Ambrose Pare

  ran out of hot oil in battlefield 1537 used egg yolk turpentine and rose oil to treat gunshot wounds, ligatures used to stop bleeding , tieing blood vessels together, false limbs to help those who had to get something removed , less painful way to stop bleeding, but they spread infections and took too long , wrote a book to spread his ideas and ligatures encouraged surgeons to think of new methods
• William Harvey


  Discovered that blood flowed one way around the body (1628) - proved galen wrong - he did not make anyone better- his ideas were accurate- did not find out about capillaries- helped people to challenge galen, helped to improve surgery in the future, blood transfusions
• John Hunter


  Discovered more about the circulation of blood , could get blood to move around a lump to reduce the need for amputations , worked on cancer, 1767- experimented on himself with gonorrhea , and demanded careful observation , he tried radical surgery in 1785 he saved a man’s leg with a throbbing lump (aneurysm) on his knee join, instead of removing the whole leg, found out ways of preventing amputations and proved importance of experiments observation and recording , encouraged other surgeons to complete experiments to find new info and spread his ideas through his books
• Edward Jenner 


  Discovered that Cowpox could be used to prevent people from getting smallpox and milkmaids were immune/ the first vaccination - 1796 14th May tested on James philip giving him cowpox then 6 weeks later smallpox which he never got. Later tested on 16 more patients - used experiments to prove his work, wrote a book with his findings but could not explain his discovery- given government fundings in 1802 of £10000 to develop his research, vaccination compulsory in 1853- Pasteur proved how his ideas worked in 1861 with germ theory