Rebellions

• When was the Lovell Conspiracy?

  1485
• Who was involved in the Lovell Conspiracy?

  Lord Lovell and the Stafford brothers in the North and the midlands, and the Herbert brothers and the Vaughan brothers in Wales
• When did the Lovell Conspiracy break out and where?

  They broke out whilst Henry was on progress in York and planned to detain him
• What was Henry's response to the Lovell Conspiracy?

  • He sent an armed force who offered the rebels a pardon or death (if they fought or lost), causing them to disperse.
  • Henry executed one of the Stafford brothers
• Why was the Lovell Conspiracy a threat?

  • It took place within a year of Henry's coronation, so emphasised the fragility of his position
  • It could encourage others to rebel
  • Henry executed one of the Stafford brothers
• Why was the Lovell Conspiracy not a threat?

  • It didn't achieve its aims and didn't even stop Henry's progress
  • No battle was fought
  • The rebels were pardoned
• When was the Simnel Rising?

  1486
• Who did Lambert Simnel claim to be?

  Edward, Earl of Warwick
• What was the timeline of the Simnel Rising?

  • The rebellion originated in Oxford (a Yorkist stronghold)
  • It moved to Ireland shortly after, where Simnel was proclaimed Edward VI and crowned in Dublin Cathedral
  • Supported by 2000 German mercenaries sent by Margaret of Burgundy, Simnel and his army landed in Lancashire and marched south, meeting Henry in Stoke near Newark where a 3-hour battle took place, which resulted in the crushing of the rebellion
• Why was the Simnel Rising a threat?

  • Took place within a year of Henry's coronation
  • Evidence suggests that Henry was not aware of Simnel until 1487
  • Margaret of Burgundy was involved and sent 2000 German mercenaries
  • 2 wings of Henry's army had held back in the battle until they were certain of a victory
  • John de la Pole (Earl of Lincoln) defected to the rebels
  • Henry paraded the real Edward around London
  • Simnel was crowned King Edward VI in Dublin Cathedral
  • In 1488, the Pope excommunicated Irish bishops involved in Simnel's coronation
  • This whole uprising was on the basis of a mere pretender
• Why was the Simnel Rising not a threat?

  • Henry's forces outnumbered the rebels by over 4000
  • The uprising didn't achieve its aims
  • Simnel didn't get the support he was expecting in Lancashire
  • Simnel was given a job in the royal kitchens
• When was Warbeck present as a threat in Henry's reign?

  1491-1499
• What did Warbeck do in 1491?

  He began claiming that he was Richard, Duke of York, in Ireland
• What did Warbeck do in 1492?

  • Henry sent a small army to Ireland, so Warbeck fled to France, where he was received by Charles VIII
  • However, the Treaty of Etaples was signed the same year, so Warbeck fled to Flanders
• What did Warbeck do in 1493?

  Henry set a trade embargo against Flanders (which would remain until 1496) so Warbeck found the backing of Maximilian, the Holy Roman Emperor
• What did Warbeck do in 1494?

  • Maximilian recognised Warbeck as Richard IV, King of England
  • William Stanley was executed after being overheard that he wouldn't take up arms against Warbeck
• What did Warbeck do in 1495?

  • In July, Warbeck landed a small force in Deal (Kent) which was crushed
  • He attempted an eventually unsuccessful 11-day siege of Waterford, where he was chased out of Ireland
  • Warbeck fled to Scotland where he was received by James IV, who provided him with sanctuary, a £1200 annual pension, and married him to his cousin, Katherine Gordon
• What did Warbeck do in 1496?

  • In January, James led a massive border raid which was eventually unsuccessful
  • When Henry looked to marry off his daughter, James lost support for Warbeck
  • Warbeck fled to Ireland but found no support from the Earl of Kildare
• What did Warbeck do in 1497?

  • Warbeck landed in the west of England, joined by 4000 peasants, but halted in Exeter
  • He fled to Southampton and surrendered in Beaulieu Abbey
• What happened to Warbeck between 1498 and 1499?

  • Warbeck tried to escape in 1498 but was recaptured and imprisoned
  • He was executed in 1499 after attempting to plot with Edward, the Earl of Warwick
• Why was Warbeck a threat?

  • There was no way to validate the claims that Warbeck was actually Richard (Duke of York) since he was dead
  • Massive amounts of foreign support from Charles, Maximilian, Margaret of Burgundy, and James
  • Nobles gave their support to Warbeck, including William Stanley
  • Warbeck was a threat for a long period of time, from 1491-1499
  • Numerous battles were fought
• Why was Warbeck not a threat?

  • He didn't achieve his aims
  • Received no support from the Earl of Kildare and Ireland when he attempted his siege in Waterford in 1495 and in 1496
• Who was Edmund de la Pole?

  The Earl of Suffolk, brother to John de la Pole who had defected to the rebels in the Simnel Uprising and subsequently died in battle
• When did Henry's third son, Edmund, die?

  1500
• When did Henry's immediate heir, the Prince of Wales, Arthur die?

  1502
• When did Henry's wife, Elizabeth of York, die?

  1503
• When did Edmund de la Pole flee to Flanders?

  1499
• When did Edmund de la Pole flee to the Holy Roman Empire?

  1501
• How did Henry try and convince Maximilian to hand over Edmund de la Pole?

  £250,000 loans to aid his Ottoman campaign, but this failed, so Henry imposed a trade embargo and imprisoned the whole Suffolk family, passing 51 Acts of Attainder
• In 1506, what happened to Philip of Burgundy and what resulted from this?

  Storms forced him to land in England, and Henry was able to persuade Maximilian to hand over Edmund de la Pole on the condition that his life would be spared (featured in the Secret Treaty of Windsor) in return for Henry's support for Philip in the Castilian Succession Crisis
• When was the Yorkshire tax rebellion?

  1489
• What was the context to the Yorkshire tax rebellion?

  Parliament had granted Henry a subsidy of £100,000 to raise funds to send troops to Brittany.
• When was the Cornish tax rebellion?

  1497
• What was the context to the Cornish tax rebellion?

  Parliament had granted Henry a subsidy of £120,000 to raise a force to counteract the threat of invasion by Warbeck in Scotland
• What took place in the Cornish tax rebellion?

  • The rebels, led by Lord Audley, marched towards Bodmin in May 1497
  • They reached Blackheath (near London) in June 1497 with a 15,000 strong force
  • Henry's forces were led by Giles Daubenay and crushed the rebels
  • Approximately 100 rebels were killed, Lord Audley and 2 local leaders were killed, 4 sheriffs and 3 MPs were fined.
  • A total of £15,000 was imposed on the rebels via fines