Controversies

• What happens to those who fail to meet the guidelines?

  They might be banned from conducting research or publishing
• Conforming to current legislation

  The Uk animals act 1986 - animal research can only take place at licensed laboratories, researchers and projects
• Permission to conduct the research is only conducted if...

  The potential findings are important enough to justify the harm to the animals or you can demonstrate it cannot be carried out on humans like the privation in childhood
• What are the three R's

  Replace - replace a method using animals with a scientifically suitable one

  Reduce - use a minimal amount of animals

  Refine - refine the method of use like procedure, breeding and accommodation
• Who proposed the three R's

  It was issued by the home office in 2000 after William Russell and Rex Birch proposed it in 1959
• What is comparative psychology?

  The study of non-human animals with the intention of making comparisons wit humans
• Give an example of comparative psychology

  In Harry harlows experiment on rhesus monkeys the monkeys developed into emotionally maladjusted adults adults despite the contact comfort. Although, the research was important in understanding infant emotional development
• Why was harry harlows experiment positive?


  It demonstrated how to improve the lives of monkeys in captivity or breeding programmes
• What is ethnological psychology?

  Seeking to study animals in a way that does not affect their behaviour like observing animals in their natural environment
• What is an example of ethnological psychology?

  Lorenz arranged for baby gosling eggs to hatch in front of him so he was the first thing they saw and he could act as their mum
• How are animals used as therapeutic devices?

  A bond between a client and an animal is formed as the presence of a pet has been proved to reduce stress. This allows for isolated individuals to learn how to trust and form relationships with other people
• What is an example of animals as therapeutic devices?

  Allen 2003 showed that the presence of a pet reduced blood pressure in children when reading allowed and buffered the elderly against life event stresses and reduced cardiovascular risk
• What is a criticism of animals in therapy?

  Anestis et al reviewed 14 studies of equine therapy and identified lots of methodological issues such as small sample sizes and no control groups. The benefits may have been from special therapist interaction rather than the animal
• What is Speciesism?


  discrimination against a being simply because it is not a member of our own species, even though it has capacities equal to or superior to those of some members of our own species