Legal Perspective Towards Gender-Violence

• According to GABRIELA, violence is a stark reality that women have to struggle with everyday. For Filipino women who grapple with poverty in feudal patriarchal context, the challenge is greater.
• Violence refers to the use of physical force or the threat of fore to harm, injure, or damage someone or something.
• Physical Violence 


  The intentional use of physical force with the potential to cause bodily harm, injury, or death.
• Verbal Violence 


  The use of words, language, or communication to demean, belittle, intimidate, or harm others emotionally.
• Psychological or Emotional Violence 


  Any behavior that aims to control, manipulate, or degrade another person's emotions, self-esteem, or mental well-being.
• Any non-consensual sexual act or behavior perpetrated against an individual.

  SEXUAL VIOLENCE
• The systematic ways in which social structures, institutions, policies, and practices perpetuate harm, inequality, and injustice against certain groups or individual

  STRUCTURAL VIOLENCE
• Violence committed by individuals or groups for

  personal gain, often in violation of laws or social or norms

  CRIMINAL VIOLENCE
• Violence directed at individuals or groups based

  on their race, ethnicity, nationality, religion, or other characteristics associated with identity.

  RACIAL OR HATE VIOLENCE
• Violence resulting from social inequalities, injustices, or conflicts within society.

  SOCIAL VIOLENCE
• The Philippines has faced long-standing insurgencies from various groups, such as the New People's Army (NPA), the armed wing of the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP), and separatist groups like the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) and the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF).

  Armed Conflicts with Insurgent Groups
• targeting political activists, journalists, and human rights defenders. These killings are often linked to government crackdowns on dissent and opposition groups.

  Extrajudicial Killings
• There have been instances of political figures, including local politicians, activists, and journalists, being targeted and assassinated due to their political affiliations or advocacy work.

  Political Assassinations
• Political opponents, critics, and activists in the Philippines have reported cases of intimidation, harassment, and threats from state actors or individuals aligned with the ruling party.

  Intimidation and Harassment of Opposition
• Electoral Violence


  During elections, there have been reports of violence, including intimidation, coercion, and even killings, particularly in areas with intense political rivalries or where powerful political clans wield significant influence.
• Historical instances of state repression, such as the declaration of martial law under former President Ferdinand Marcos, have led to widespread human rights abuses and political violence, including arbitrary arrests,

  torture, and enforced disappearances.

  State Repression and Martial Law
• In the Philippines, the term "Violence Against Women and Children" (VAWC) encompasses various forms of violence perpetrated against women and children, including domestic violence.

  Domestic Violence
• Communal Violence 


  refers to conflicts between different communities, often fueled by religious, ethnic, or cultural differences.
• Responsibilities of State;


  Respect

  Protect

  Fulfill
• the Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995 (Republic Act No. 7877) and other relevant laws and regulations 


  Legal Framework
• Anti sexual Harassment 


  Act of 1995 ( Republic Act no. 7877 )
• WORKPLACE SEXUAL HARASSMENT Employers have a crucial role in addressing and preventing workplace sexual harassment.
• CYBERBULLYING AND ONLINE HARASSMENT within the context of sexual harassment in the Philippines requires a multifaceted approach that incorporates legal measures, educational initiatives, and support services.
• IMPACT ON VICTIMS The impact of sexual harassment on victims can be profound and multifaceted, affecting various aspects of their well-being, mental health, and overall quality of life.
• AWARENESS AND EDUCATION sexual harassment are critical components of efforts to prevent and address this pervasive issue.
• Acts of violence committed for political purposes, often aimed at influencing or controlling government policies, processes, or power structures. 


  POLITICAL VIOLENCE
• Types of Criminal Violence

  Drug Related Violence

  Kidnapping and Extortion

  Urban Violence

  Terrorism
• Political Violence 


  Armed Conflicts with Insurgent Groups

  Extrajudicial killing

  Political Assassination

  Intimidation and Harassment of Opposition

  Electoral Violence

  State Repression of Martial Law
• Extortion 


  the crime of obtaining something from someone, especially money, by using force or threats.