MLSP112 - ALL COVERAGE

• Phleb - to cut a vein
• Tomia - means to cut
• Hippocrates (460-377 BC) – Four humors : Yellow

  Bile, Black Bile, Phlegm, Blood
• Draining blood - was considered one way to effectively cure the body of most ills and often performed using a lancet tool.
• Clergyman - prohibited by Pope Alexander III from performing bloodlettings in 1163.
• Barber Surgeons - took over as they were naturally skilled with sharp objects
• In 1900, Karl Landsteiner (German) - the first to discover blood groups; ABO blood groups
• CREDENTIALS NEEDED TO BE A MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIST

  • License (RA 5527)
  • Continuing Profession/Training
• Traditional Duties and Responsibilities of the Phlebotomist

  • Correct identification and preparation of the patient before sample collection.
  • Collection of the appropriate amount of blood by venipuncture or dermal puncture for the specified tests.
  • Selection of the appropriate sample containers for the specified tests.
  • Correct labeling of all samples with the required information.
  • Appropriate transportation of samples back to the laboratory in a timely manner.
• Traditional Duties and Responsibilities of the Phlebotomist

  • Effective interaction with patients and hospital personnel.
  • Processing of samples for delivery to the appropriate laboratory departments.
  • Performance of computer operations and record-keeping pertaining to phlebotomy.
  • Observation of all safety regulations, quality control checks, and preventive maintenance procedures
  • Attendance at continuing education programs
• ADDITIONAL DUTIES OF PHLEBOTOMISTS

  • Training other health-care personnel to perform phlebotomy
  • Monitoring the quality of samples collected on the units
  • Evaluation of protocols associated with sample collection
  • Performing and monitoring point-of-care testing (POCT)
  • Performing electrocardiograms
  • Performing measurement of patient’s vital signs
  • Collection of arterial blood samples
  • Collection of samples from central venous access devices (CVADs)
• CHARACTERISTICS OF PHLEBOTOMISTS

  • Dependable, cooperative, committed
  • Compassionate, courteous, respectful
  • Integrity, honesty, competence
  • Organized, responsible, flexible
  • Appearance (Clothing, Hygiene)
  • Communication
  • Respecting Cultural Diversity
• CLASSIFICATION OF HOSPITALS (DOH)

  - ACCORDING TO OWNERSHIP

  • GOVERNMENT OR PUBLIC HOSPITALS
  • PRIVATE HOSPITALS
• GOVERNMENT OR PUBLIC HOSPITALS

  • Created by law

  • May be under: National Government, LGU, DOH, State Universities and Colleges

  • Offer low or free services; heavy workload
• PRIVATE HOSPITALS

  • Owned, established, and operated with funds from donation, principal, investment, or other means by any individual, corporation, association, or organization

  • Entrepreneurial; businesses; often linked to HMOs
• ACCORDING TO SCOPE OF SERVICES

  • GENERAL HOSPITALS
  • SPECIALTY
• GENERAL HOSPITALS

  • equipped with the service capabilities supporting board certified/ eligible medical specialists in, but not limited to the following:

  -Clinical Services

  -Emergency Services

  -Outpatient Services

  -Ancillary and Support Services
• SPECIALTY

  • May be devoted to the treatment of the following:

  -Particular illness/condition requiring a range of treatment. (Cancer Institutions)

  -Patients suffering from diseases of a particular organ/group of organs (Heart Center)

  -Patients belonging to a group such as children, women, elderly or others
• FOUR TRADITIONAL HOSPITAL SERVICES

  1. Nursing Services
  2. Support Services
  3. Fiscal Services
  4. Professional Services
• Nursing Services - Delay directly with patient care
• Support Services - communications systems, food, housekeeping
• Fiscal Services - Business Aspect (Accounting, Admitting, Data Collection and Health Information Management)
• Professional Services

  -Assist the physician in the diagnosis and treatment of disease.

  -Radtechs, Physical therapists, medtechs

  -80% of the diagnosis, are verified in the laboratory.

  -Medtechs provide more information for accurate diagnosis.
• PROFESSIONAL SERVICE DEPARTMENTS

  • Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging

  • Radiation Therapy

  • Respiratory therapy

  • Nuclear Medicine

  • Occupational Therapy

  • Pharmacy

  • Physical Therapy

  • Cardiovascular Testing

  • Clinical Laboratory
• CLINICAL LABORATORY

  • Provides data to the healthcare team to aid in determining the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of a patient

  • Stand-alone clinics
• PHYSICIAN OFFICE LABORATORIES

  • Consist of several primary care physicians or may specialize in a particular medical specialty such as pediatrics or cardiology.

  • Made up of a combination of family practice physicians and specialists.
• HEALTH MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATIONS (HMO)

  • Managed care group practice centers that provide a large variety of services. Physicians’ offices, a clinical laboratory, radiology, physical therapy, and outpatient surgery are often available at one location.
• REFERENCE LABORATORIES

  • Large, independent reference laboratories contract with health-care providers and institutions to perform both routine and highly specialized tests.

  • Phlebotomists are hired to collect samples from patients referred to the reference laboratory.

  • Found in hospitals; training grounds

  • Has gold standard methods for specialists
• National Kidney Transplant Institute – Hematological Procedures and Blood Banking
• Research Institute for Tropical Medicine – Microbiology and emerging diseases
• Lung Center of the Philippines – Clinical Chemistry
• East Avenue Medical Center – Toxicology and Drug testing
• STD-AIDS Cooperative Central Laboratory (SACCL) – All STIs are tested here; maximum confidentiality (people are wearing jackets, sunglasses, masks, and cap for anonymity)
• BLOOD DONOR CENTERS

  • Phlebotomists collect, label, and prepare blood, plasma, and other components for transfusions

  • Consistently interact with the public, conducting interviews and testing samples to screen potential donors.

  • The only duty of phlebotomists in these centers is to screen blood donors; weight, height, blood pressure, and blood typing
• 11 RIGHTS OF A PATIENT

  • RIGHT TO INFORMED CONSENT
  • RIGHT TO PRIVACY AND CONFIDENTIALITY
  • RIGHT TO INFORMATION
  • RIGHT TO CHOOSE HEALTH CARE PROVIDER AND FACILITY
  • RIGHT TO SELF-DETERMINATION
  • RIGHT TO RELIGIOUS BELIEF
  • RIGHT TO MEDICAL RECORDS
  • RIGHT TO LEAVE
  • RIGHT TO CORRESPONDENCE AND TO RECEIVE VISITORS
  • RIGHT TO EXPRESS GRIEVANCES
  • RIGHT TO BE INFORMED OF HIS RIGHTS OBLIGATIONS AS A PATIENT
• TORT LAW - A wrongful act committed by one person against another that causes harm to the person or his or her property
• INTENTIONAL TORT

  • Assault
  • Battery
  • Defamation
  • Libel
  • Slander
  • Invasion of Privacy
• UNINTENTIONAL TORT

  • Medical Malpractice
  • Negligence
• Assault - threat to touch another person without his or her consent and with the intention of causing fear of harm.
• Battery - actual harmful touching of a person without his

  or her consent.