cardiovascular system

• cardiovascular:

  • the organs passes nutrients such as; amino acids, electrolytes and lymph
  • maintains homeostasis
  • includes heart and blood vessels
• coronary arteries:

  • network of the blood vessels
  • oxygen and nutrients rich blood
  • emerge from the beginning of aorta, near top of the heart
  • width is like soda straw
• capillaries - red blood cells provide oxygen and nutrients to the cardiac muscle tissue
• superior vena cava (SVC) - carries deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart ( upper body )
• inferior vena cava - carries deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart ( lower extremities )
• aorta:

  • largest single blood vessels
  • diameter of your thumb
  • carries oxygen rich blood from the left ventricle
• pulmonary artery:

  • transporting oxygen poor blood from the right ventricle
  • arteries as vessels carrying blood away from the heart
  • arteries carries oxygenated rich blood except for this
• pulmonary veins:

  • veins as vessels carrying blood to the heart
  • veins carries oxygen poor blood except for this
• right atrium - receives oxygenated poor blood through SVC and IVC
• sinoatrial node - sends an impulse that causes contraction
• right ventricle - receives deoxygenated blood as the right atrium contracts
• tricuspid valve:

  • prevents backflow of the blood
  • separates right atrium from right ventricle
• left atrium - receives oxygenated blood from the lungs trough the pulmonary vein
• mitral valve - blood passes trough this to get to the left ventricle
• left ventricle - receives oxygenated blood as the left atrium contracts
• papillary muscle - attach to the lower portion of the inferior wall of the ventricles
• papillary muscle - connects to the chordae tendineae
• chordae tendineae:

  • tendons linking the papillary muscle to the tricuspid valve
  • string like in appearance or "heart string"
• pulmonary valve - separates right ventricles from the pulmonary artery
• aortic valve - separates the left ventricles from the aorta
• heart - hallow and cone shaped
• systematic circulation - blood flows through the body in a regular pattern, from the heart to the body and back to the heart
• pulmonary circulation - blood passes through the lungs and returns to the heart
• fetal circulation - the blood flow from the placenta to the fetus
• roles of capillaries - forming the connection between the arteries and veins
• blood flow - the movement of blood around the body, from the heart to the body tissues and back to the heart
• pressure - Measure of the force that the blood exerts against the vessel walls
• pulse - Refers to the rhythmic expansion of an artery
• blood pressure - the arterial blood pressure, the pressure in the aorta and its branches
• resistance - force that opposes the flow of the fluid
• systolic pressure - due to ventricular contraction
• diastolic pressure - occurs during cardiac relaxation
• arterial blood pressure - Cardiac output and peripheral resistance
• stroke volume - amount of blood that is ejected from the ventricles
• cardiac cycle - the complete cycle of events in the heart
• blood - is a specialized bodily fluid that delivers necessary substances
• blood - 55% plasma and 45% cellular contents
• plasma - normal blood plasma 90-92% and a straw colored fluid
• white blood cells: or "leukocytes"

  • involved in defending the body against both infection disease and foreign materials
  • major part of the immune system
• leukocytes - cells of the immune system