week 1 (respiratory system)

• The voice box, contains the vocal folds and epiglottis
• The windpipe, connects the larynx to the lungs
• The two large passages that branch off from the trachea, leading to each lung, surrounded by smooth muscle
• A human can live without food for about 3 weeks
• A human can typically only last 3-4 days without water
• A human can only last 3 minutes without air
• Respiratory system


  A biological system consisting of specific organs and structures used for gas exchange in animals and plants
• Respiratory system

  • Provides the body with the ability for gas exchange with the external environment
  • Consists of branching tubes which have their end in close contact with the blood vessels, where oxygen is released into the blood stream, while carbon dioxide exits
• Larynx


  The voice box, responsible for producing sound
• Trachea

  A tube connecting the larynx to the lungs, allowing air to flow in and out
• The respiratory and circulatory systems work together to transport nutrients, gases, and other molecules to and from the different parts of the body
• Human survivability revolves around the rule of three: a human can live only three weeks without food, three days without water, but only three minutes without air
• Respiratory system

  Provides the body with the ability for gas exchange with the external environment
• Respiratory system


  • Consists of branching tubes with ends in close contact with blood vessels
  • Divided into upper and lower respiratory tracts with specific functions
• Main function of respiratory system

  Supplying oxygen to the body and removing carbon dioxide
• Nose


  • Filters, moistens, and warms air
  • Has nose hairs to filter particles
• Swallowing and breathing


  1. Impossible to do at the same time

  2. Epiglottis closes to prevent food from entering trachea
• Epiglottis


  Flap of cartilage that covers the opening of the windpipe during swallowing
• Larynx


  Hollow muscular organ forming an air passage to the lungs and holding the vocal cords
• Males have a larger larynx than females, resulting in the Adam's apple
• Breathing mechanism


  1. Air enters through nostrils

  2. Passes through nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli
• Alveoli


  • Tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs
• The respiratory and circulatory systems work together to transport nutrients, gases, and other molecules to and from different parts of the body
• Respiratory System


  A system of organs responsible for breathing and gas exchange.
• Inhalation


  The process of taking air into the lungs.
• Exhalation


  The process of expelling air from the lungs.
• Gas Exchange


  The process of oxygen and carbon dioxide moving between the lungs and blood.
• Bronchi


  The two main tubes that branch from the trachea into each lung.
• Trachea


  The windpipe that connects the throat to the lungs.
• External Intercostal Muscles


  Muscles between the ribs that assist in inhalation.
• Internal Intercostal Muscles


  Muscles that assist in forced exhalation.
• Carbon Dioxide (CO2)


  A waste gas produced by cells during metabolism, removed by the respiratory system.
• Oxygen (O2)


  A vital gas that is inhaled and used by the body for energy production.
• Respiratory Acidosis


  A condition resulting from excess carbon dioxide in the blood, leading to lower pH.
• Pharynx


  The throat; a passageway for air and food.
• Larynx


  The voice box; contains vocal cords and protects the trachea.
• Homeostasis


  The body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions.
• Acid-Base Balance


  The regulation of pH levels in the body, influenced by CO2 levels.