plants

• What is the equation for photosynthesis

  word and symbol.

  6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2.

  Carbon Dioxide + Water → Glucose + Oxygen
• What do animals and plants comete for?


  Animals compete for food, water and space to live. Plants compete for light, water, minerals and root space.
• what do chloroplasts do?


  The most important function of the chloroplast is to synthesise food by the process of photosynthesis
• what is photosynthesis

  the process by which plants and some other organisms convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose
• Explain why a tree might die if the roots of the tree are damaged.

  reduces water and nutrient uptake, eliminates stored energy and may compromise the stability of the tree.
• true or false, the symbol equation of photosynthesis is 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 .


  true
• what is the function of the phloem?


  The phloem is a plant tissue that transports food (mainly sugars) made in the leaves to other parts of the plant. This process is called translocation.
• what is the function of the xylem?


  The xylem's primary function is to transport water and nutrients from the roots to the rest of the plant:
• what is the function of chloroplasts?


  Contains the green pigment, chlorophyll, which absorbs light for photosynthesis, and the enzymes needed for photosynthesis.
• what is the function of a cell wall?


  Made from cellulose fibres. Strengthens the cell and supports the plant. also stops the plant from bursting.
• what is the function of the vacuole?


  In plant cells, vacuoles help maintain water balance. 
• what is the function of guard cells?

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  The function of guard cells in plants is to regulate the opening and closing of stomata,
• what is the function of stomata?


  The function of stomata is to regulate gas exchange and water loss in plants
• what is the purpose of ribosomes in plants?

  The ribosome is the organelle responsible for protein synthesis.

  Protein synthesis is a biological process that occurs in cells to produce new proteins and replace lost ones.
• What name is given to a factor which is preventing any increase in photosynthesis?


  limiting factor
• where does photosynthesis take place?


  chloroplasts
• what is the stimulus and plant response of the tropism phototropism?


  Stimulus: Light and Plant response: Growth towards light
• what is the stimulus and plant response of the tropism gravitropism / geotropism?


  Stimulus: Gravity Plant Response: Root grows towards gravity and shoot grows away from gravity
• what is the stimulus and plant response of the tropism hydrotropism?

  Stimulus: water and Plant Response: Root grows towards the water
• what is the stimulus and plant response of the tropism thigmotropism?

  Stimulus: Touch or contact Plant response: Growth or movement in response to touch
• what is the stimulus and plant response of the tropism chemotropism?

  Stimulus: Chemicals (minerals and ions) Plant response: roots grow towards chemicals
• what is an example of thigmotropism?

  A Venus flytrap is an example of thigmotropism. When an insect touches the sensitive hairs inside its leaves, the trap snaps shut in response to the touch stimulus.
• the equation for percentage change

  
• Explain how a deficiency of magnesium could cause yellow leaves, stunted growth.

  yellow leaves due to lack of chlorophyll

  so less light absorbed (by chlorophyll)

  so lower rate of photosynthesis

  so plant makes less sugar / glucose

  so plant converts less glucose into protein for growth, so growth is stunted
• Describe how energy for the photosynthesis reaction is gained by plants.

  light is absorbed by chlorophyll
• Why did the rate of photosynthesis decrease from 35 °C to 45 °C?

  the enzymes became denatured
• What type of defence response are thorns?

  mechanical
• How do thorns defend the gorse plant?

  to deter herbivores
• What type of defence response are poisonous berries?

  chemical
• Explain two other possible reasons for the yellow leaves and stunted growth.

  not enough chlorophyll for (efficient) photosynthesis (so) not enough glucose to make proteins for growth or not enough glucose to release energy for growth.

  infected by aphids (which) remove sugars from phloem (so) not enough glucose to make proteins for growth
• what are aphids?


  Aphids have long sharp mouthpieces that pierce the surface of the stem and into the phloem so that they can feed on the sugar filled sap.

  
• Which plant material was chewed as a painkiller?

  willow bark
• this is the cross section of a leaf, diagram.

  
•  What is the function of the waxy cuticle?

  The waxy cuticle reduces water loss by evaporation and acts as a protective barrier.
• What is the role of the upper epidermis?

  the upper epidermis is transparent to allow light to pass through to the palisade layer.
• Why is the palisade mesophyll layer important?

  The palisade mesophyll contains many chloroplasts and is the main site of photosynthesis.
• What is the function of the spongy mesophyll?

  The spongy mesophyll has air spaces to allow gas exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor.
• What does the stomata do?

  The stomata allow gas exchange and are controlled by guard cells to regulate water loss.
•  What is the role of guard cells?

   Guard cells control the opening and closing of stomata to balance gas exchange and water loss.
• how is a leaf adapted to minimize water loss and maximize gas exchange?

  Minimizing Water Loss:

  • Waxy cuticle: Covers the surface to prevent evaporation.

  • Stomata control: Guard cells regulate stomatal opening and closing to reduce water loss during hot or dry conditions.

  
  

  Maximizing Gas Exchange:

  • Stomata: Numerous and primarily on the underside of the leaf for efficient gas exchange.

  • Spongy mesophyll: Has air spaces to allow gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide to diffuse.