re:(

• key features of baptism

  effects of baptism, origin of baptism, signs + symbols
• key features of revelation

  creation, covenant, Jesus
• Baptism quote

  "therefore go forth and make disciples of all nations, baptising them in the name of the father and of the son and of the Holy Spirit." - Matthew 28:19
• Jesus -> feature of revelation

  jesus = ultimate revelation

  catholic teaching = jesus is incarnate -> fully divine and fully man

  "believe that I am in the Father and the Father in me" - John 14:11
• revelation


  = the revealing of God

  God has revealed himself in many ways

  he wants to have positive and personal relationships with everyone
• baptism


  = sacrament of initiation

  welcomes new members into the church

  lays foundation for christian life
• symbols


  = items that represent reality but are more complex and convey more meaning
• example of symbols in baptism

  white garment

  oil of chrism

  water -> cleansing of soul/body of original sin -> purification
• signs


  = things that represent of point to something else
• example of signs in baptism

  cross = christianity, Jesus' sacrificial love, Jesus
• origin of baptism


  form Greek word for 'immersion'

  Ancient jewish tradition adopted by christians following in example of Jesus

  jesus told discples to go forth and baptise everyone
• creation -> feature of revelation 


  God's power is revealed through creation

  all of creation was made by a loving God

  • through observing and contemplating creation, can understand parts of God's character

• covenant -> feature of revelation


  = promise

  God made promises to Abraham and Moses

  • through covenant God communicates his commands and intentions
• Abraham's covenant


  God's promise -> Abraham would be father of all nations + descendants possess land of their own

  Abraham's promise -> moral integrity + trust in God
• Moses' covenant


  God's promise -> free israelites from slavery+ provided them with promised land

  Moses' promise -> abide by 10 commandments
• religious belief


  = acceptance that something exists or is true, usually without proof

  catholics beliefs stated in Apostle's creed
• beliefs stated in Apostle's creed


  incarnation, holy trinity, resurrection of Jesus, communion of saints, after life
• expression of religious faith

  practices, rituals, celebrations and events

  e.g. going to mass, celebrating the eucharist, penance
• sectarianism 


  = the discrimination + hatred towards those of different religious and political sects
• context of sectarianism in Australia

  first fleet = mix of roman catholics and protestants (church of England)Church of England established as the main religion of early colonies

  • Was the largest and most influential
  • Catholic church could not operate formally until 1820 -> weren't allowed-> led to resent from Irish Catholics -> because they weren't allowed to practice their religion
• how did sectarianism get to Australia

  Irish Catholics sent to Australia as convicts due to their desire to take back control of Ireland which was under English control until 1922

  English hoped that by sending them to Aus would remove the problem of discontent of Irish Catholics -> but only brought the problem to Aus
• • Governor Philip (leader of colony in NSW) insisted that ALL people regardless of religion/belief attend Church of England Divine Services in the colony-> cause more discontent
  • Ministers of the Church of England often gave out harsh punishments to those who weren't protestant
• sectarianism in Australia


  Catholics refused to send their kids to Church of England schools

  marriage between different denominations = not accepted

  Catholics seen as untrustworthy by employers

  conscription debate in WW1 -> protestant church urged Aus to be loyal to Britain while Catholics were opposed to conscription
• Empire Day 1911


  24th May 1911 -> led to surge of sectarian sentiment between Catholic and Protestant schools

  • Protestant schools raised British flag and saluted the union jackreminded Catholics of the oppression of the British
  • Catholics called the day 'Australia Day' and raised the Australian and Irish flag singing the Advance Australia Fair -> outraged Protestants
• impact of sectarianism on education

  Children = victims of sectarianism, regardless of religious affiliation

  • Those who attended state, Anglican and other protestant schools were often led to view Catholic community negatively
  • Rumors -> Anglican and other Protestant schools were told that the bells of the Catholic schools went off at odd times for prayer and that the Catholics worshipped multiple saints and engaged in mysterious secret rituals
• Impact on education


  1. Sectarianism between Protestants and Catholics

  2. Secular education without influence of religion
• State funding provided to churches for schooling

  Until 1850
• Reform was needed due to lack of facilities
• Free, compulsory and secular schools act abolished funding to non-government schools

  1850-1890
• Catholic church


  Opposed secular education, believed that Catholics should receive Catholic education
• ALL Catholic children required to attend Catholic schools
• Catholic Church


  • Able to keep schools open due to cheap labour force of religious orders
• Protestant churches


  • Had to introduce fees to stay open, resulting in only the wealthy being able to enter
• impact of sectarianism on marriage


  Catholic church opposed mixed marriagecouple required to bring up their children with Catholic faith

  • Catholics who chose to marry into the Protestant church cut off
  • Creates issues between protestant and catholic sides of the family -> tore families apart
• Impact of sectarianism on migration
• Government began assisted immigration scheme


  1836
• In the next 50 years, the assisted immigration scheme would bring 200,000 settlers, nearly half of whom were Irish
• Many Irish Catholics drawn to gold rushes of 1850s, migrated to Australia to escape Irish famine of the 1840s
• Protestant and state media stirred up a frenzy that Australia was being taken over by Irish Catholics, and represented them as chimpanzees in cartoons
• Single Irish females placed under same jurisdiction as Indigenous people, meaning they weren't seen as real people as the Indigenous weren't recognised as human at that time