DNA & structures

• The genetic material in the nucleus of most cells is made from a chemical called DNA.
• DNA is a polymer made from two strands which coil around eachother making a spiral ladder
• A polymer is a large molecule made from many smaller molecules called monomers
• This shape is called or known as a double helix
• DNA STRUCTURE

  • DNA is made from repeating monomers called nucleotides. There are four different nucleotides
  • each nucleotide is made from three components: a phosphate group , sugar, a base
• There are four bases in the DNA: A+T, C+G

  This is called complementary base bonding weak hydrogen bonding holds the base pairs and the two strands together. Its in a order of bases in a gene that decides the order of bases in a gene that decides the order of amino acids in a protein
• DNA & Genome :

  • DNA is arranged in structures called chromosomes inside a cells nucleus.
  • the genome is the entire DNA of an organism - a gene is a small section on a chromosome. Each gene codes for a particular sequence of amino acids, to make a specific protein
• In a human body cells the chromosomes are normally found in pairs. Each cell has 23 pairs of chromosomes.