Gender Bias

• Universality


  The assumption that a quality from ONE group of people applies to EVERYONE
• Gender bias


  Researchers BIASED judgement of one gender based on STEREOTYPES
• Types of gender bias

  • Alpha bias - EXAGGERATED difference between genders
  • Beta bias - MINIMISED difference between genders
  • Androcentrism - BIAS for the MALE gender
• Freud's theory of the phallic stage


  Argued children desired their OPPOSITE gender parent, whereas girls did not experience the same behaviour causing a WEAKER SUPEREGO
• Fight or flight


  Research was based on MALE ANIMALS. TAYLOR et al. Argued females' higher levels of OXYTOCIN created a 'TEND AND BEFRIEND' response
• PROMOTES SEXISM


  Murphy et al. claim women are UNDERREPRESENTED in research, meaning male researchers would stereotype them as being unable to complete complex tasks.
• GENDER DIFFERENCES ARE FIXED.

  Maccoby and Jacklin argued girls are better at verbal skills and boys have better visual and spatial skills. HOWEVER, Joel et al. found no differences in brain scans.