Culture Bias

• Review found that 68% of research participants are AMERICAN, and 96% from INDUSTRIALISED. Another review found that 80% are UNDERGRADUATES
• WEIRD

  W - WESTERN, E - EDUCATED, I - INDUSTRIALISED, R - RICH, D - DEMOCRACIES
• Ethnocentricism


  Where there is SUPERIORITY of the researchers OWN CULTURE. Any behaviour that does not conform to AMERICAN / EUROPEAN standards are considered unusual or underdeveloped
• Cultural relativism


  The ability for researchers to RECOGNISE that their findings only apply to the CULTURE founded in
• Approaches

  • Etic - Looks at behaviour from OUTSIDE the culture and identifies behaviours that are UNIVERSAL
  • Emic - Looks at behaviour from INSIDE the culture and identifies behaviours that are SPECIFIC to it
  • Imposed etic - Behaviours in ONE culture can be applied UNIVERSALLY
• First intelligence tests created led to eugenic policies and were ETHNOCENTRIC, making those from non-western countries score lower and appear genetically inferior
• MANY CLASSIC STUDIES ARE BIASED.


  Asch and Milgram studies used middle-aged, American males. Replication of these studies would show different results.

  HOWEVER, Takano & Osaka found 14/15 studies comparing USA and Japan showed no difference in collectivist-individualistic cultures.