Nature and Nurture

• Nature


  Human behaviour is INNATE and is influenced by INHERITANCE and GENES
• Nurture


  Behaviour is shaped by INTERACTION with the environment, people are born as 'BLANK SLATES'
• Concordance


  Degree to which people are SIMILAR on a particular TRAIT
• Heritability


  PROPORTION of DIFFERENCES between individuals in a population
• Interactionist approach


  All behaviour is controlled by some reasonable extent of both NATURE and NURTURE
• Diathesis stress model


  Behaviour is caused by a BIOLOGICAL VULNERABILITY which allows for certain genes to be EXPRESSED when also introduced to an ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSOR
• Epigenetics


  a CHANGE in GENETIC ACTIVITY without changing the genetic CODE. Is known as a LIFELONG INFLUENCE which can be passed down GENERATIONS
• + ADOPTION STUDIES


  Adopted children shown to be similar to adoptive parents showed environmental influence, whereas children more similar to biological parents showed genetic influence. Rhee & Waldman meta-analysis showed 41% variance in aggression.
• + SUPPORT FOR EPIGENETICS


  Nazi’s blocked distribution of food to the Dutch, leading to pregnant women giving birth to lower-than-average weight babies and where twice as likely to develop schizo.
• + REAL WORLD APPLICATION

  Nestadt et al. OCD heritability rate of 0.76, leading to genetic counselling.