science

• Earth


  Planet we live on
• Earth gets energy


  From the Sun
• Earth spins on its axis

  Once every 24 hours
• Side of Earth facing Sun


  Has daylight
• Side of Earth facing away from Sun

  Is night
• Earth orbits around the Sun


  Takes one year to go around once
• Moon


  Satellite of the Earth
• Moon


  Reflects light from the Sun
• Moon


  • Seems to change shape
  • Different shapes are called phases of the Moon
  • Phases happen because we cannot always see all of the part that is lit by the Sun
• Planets


  Eight in elliptical (oval-shaped) orbits around the Sun
• Eight planets


  • Mercury
  • Venus
  • Earth
  • Mars
  • Jupiter
  • Saturn
  • Uranus
  • Neptune
• Solar System


  Sun, the planets and their moons
• The Earth's axis is tilted
• Northern hemisphere tilted towards Sun


  It is summer in the UK
• Days are longer than nights


  Sun is higher in the sky
• Sun's rays are more concentrated


  It feels hotter
• Magnets


  Attract magnetic materials
• Magnet ends


  North-seeking pole and south-seeking pole, or north pole and south pole
• North pole and south pole


  Attract each other
• Two north poles or two south poles


  Repel each other
• Magnetic field


  Space around a magnet where it has an effect
• Find shape of magnetic field


  Using iron filings or using a plotting compass
• Earth


  Has a magnetic field
• Compass


  Small magnet that will point towards the Earth's North Pole
• Magnetic materials placed near a compass


  Can change the direction that the compass points towards
• Mass


  Amount of substance or 'matter' something contains, measured in kilograms (kg)
• Weight


  Force of gravity pulling on a mass, measured in newtons (N)
• Gravity


  • Force of attraction between two masses
  • Stronger if objects have large masses
  • Stronger if objects are close together
• On Earth, gravity pulls on every kilogram of mass with a force of about 10 N
• Gravity on Moon


  Weaker than on Earth because Moon has much smaller mass
• Calculate weight of object

  weight (N) = mass (kg) × gravitational field strength (N/kg)
• Sun's gravity


  Keeps planets in our Solar System moving in elliptical orbits around it
• If no gravity from Sun

  Planets would all fly off into space
• Earth's gravity


  Keeps Moon in orbit around the Earth
• Satellite


  Anything that orbits around a planet
• Moon


  Only natural satellite of the Earth
• Artificial satellites


  Put into orbit around the Earth or other planets, can be used for taking pictures or transmitting TV programmes
• Planets do not make their own light
• We can see planets


  Because they reflect light from the Sun
• Sun


  A star, a ball of gas that gives out large amounts of energy