question 4

• increase of global food consumption

  population growth

  economic development

  greater availability (better transport)

  diet changes
• food deficit

  demand exceeds supply
• food surplus


  supply exceeds demand
• factors affecting food supply

  pests/diseases

  climate - extreme weather

  water stress

  poverty

  technology

  conflict - destroys land, leads to famine, increased food prices
• impacts of food security: famine

  widespread lack of access to food = malnutrition'
• impacts of food security: under nutrition


  lack of balanced diet - deficiency of minerals and vitamins
• impacts of food security: soil erosion


  overgrazing/overcultivation of land
• impacts of food security: rising prices


  eg- increase in uk after russia/ukraine war
• impacts of food security: social unrest

  prices are high so people riot for cheaper food
• irrigation to increase food supply

  artificial watering of land

  can be small or large scale
• aeroponics to increase food supply

  plants sprayed with fine water mist containing nutrients

  excess water is collected and reused
• hydroponics to increase food supply

  plants grown in gravel or mineral rich water
• green revolution to increase food supply

  modern farming techniques based on sustainable practices
• biotechnology (GM) to increase food supply

  adapts DNA to survive and grow better
• appropriate technology to increase food supply

  using skills or materials that are cheap and easily available to increase output without putting people out of work
• indus basin irrigation system IBIS

  india, china, afghanistan

  3 large dams and 100 smaller dams

  regulates water flow

  distributes water via smaller canals to countryside

  large scale
• advantages of IBIS


  improved food security in pakistan

  provides water for farmers

  improved diets

  hydroelectric power by dams

  fish farming on reservoirs
• disadvantages of IBIS


  unfair share of water for farmers

  high temperatures = high evaporation

  expensive to maintain reservoir

  salinisation from poor irrigation = poor growth
• sustainable food supply


  food supply that is eco-friendly
• organic farming - sustainable food supply


  no use of chemicals and no GM crops
• permaculture - sustainable food supply


  follows patterns and features like harvesting rainwater of natural ecosystems and composting waste
• urban farming - sustainable food supply

  farms in cities

  new jobs, attracts wildlife, more food choice
• fishing - sustainable food supply


  monitoring fish numbers
• meat - sustainable food supply


  free range farms
• seasonal food consumption - sustainable food supply


  eating foods only when they are in season
• reducing food loss and waste - sustainable food supply


  clear labels of best before

  sealed bags to ensure freshness

  apps by shops to sell food cheaper before its use by date
• makueni - kenya (2014)


  rural, little rainfall

  rich volcanic soils
• food programme in makueni

  sand dams

  rainwater tank on school roof

  trees planted for low soil erosion
• food programme in makueni benefits

  more crop yields

  less waterborne diseases

  children are in school rather than collecting water