Chemsitry Topic 3

• what is an ore

  a metal compound within a rock
• metal and oxygen react to form a

  metal oxide
• what is a redox reaction

  reducution and oxidation
• whats the reaction that seperates a metal from its oxide

  reduction
• what is a reduction reaction?

  loss of oxygen
• what is oxidation?


  gain of oxygen
• List the reactivity series

  Potassium

  Sodium

  Lithium

  Calcium

  Magnesium

  Carbon

  Zinc

  Iron

  Hydrogen

  Copper

  silver

  gold
• how does potassium, sodium, lithium and calcium react with water and acid

  water: fizz giving off hydrogen gas and leaving an alkaine solution of metal hydroxide

  acid: reacts violently and explodes
• how does magneisum, aluminum, zinc,iron, react with water and acid

  water:

  very slow reaction

  acid:

  fizz giving off hydrogen gas forming salt
• how does tin lead react to water and acid

  water:

  no reaction at room temperature

  acid:

  react slowly with warm acids
• how does copper, silver and gold react

  water:

  no reaction

  acid:

  no reaction.
• copper, silver and gold are


  native (unreactive)
• how can metals above carbon be extracted

  Electrolysis
• how can metals below carbon be extracted

  Reduction using carbon

  example, iron oxide is reduced in a blast furnace to make iron.

  carbon takes the oxygen away from the metals which are less reactive then carbon itself
• why are some metals found in earth as the metal itself

  they are so unreactive
• What's a redox reaction?

  when electrons are transferred
• a loss of electrons is

  oxidation
• a gain of electrons is

  reduction
• oilrig


  oxidation is loss, reduction is gain
• What's a displacement reaction?

  When a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its compound.
• what are ionic equations


  shows the particles that take part in the reaction.

  it concentrates on the substances that are oxidized or reduced.
• ions that dont change are

  spectator ions
• what is reactivity determined by

  How easily they lose electrons to form positive ions
• what happens when a metal reacts with water or acid

  lose electrons and form posiitve ions
• metals that are more reactive with hydrogen will

  react with acids,
• how can we indicate the speed of reaction


  by the rate at which the bubbles of hydrogen are givem off
• acid + metal


  salt + hydrogen
• what test can we use to see if hydrogen is formed

  burning splint test
• metal + water


  metal hydroxide + hydrogen
• an acid is


  forms H+ ions in water
• an alkaline is


  forms OH- ions in water
• strong acids


  ionises completley
• weak acids


  do not ionise completley
• what does the ph of an acid measure

  concentration of H+ions in the solution

  each decrease of one increases by a factor of 10
• why a ph of an acid depends the on strength and concentrations

  the stronger an acid the greater the ionisation / dissociation (in aqueous solution) • (so) the stronger the acid the lower the pH

  
  

  Concentration • the higher the concentration of an acid the more acid / solute in the same volume (of solution) • (so) the higher the concentration of the acid the lower the pH
• List the reactivity series in order

  Potassium

  Sodium

  Lithium

  Calcium

  Magnesium

  Aluminium

  CARBON

  Zinc

  Iron

  Tin

  Lead

  HYDROGEN

  Copper

  Silver

  Gold

  Platinum
• If metals are less reactive than carbon, how are they extracted?

  reduction (gaining electrons) with carbon
• If metals are more reactive than carbon, how are they extracted?

  electrolysis, expensive
• Acid+metal


  Salt+hydrogen
• metal + water


  metal hydroxide + hydrogen