the plant body

• Meristems


  The plant's growing points
• Types of meristems


  • Primary/Apical
  • Shoot apex
  • Root Apex
  • Secondary/Lateral
  • Vascular cambium
  • Cork cambium
• Basic Plant Morphology

  • 2 systems: Shoot system, Root system
  • 6 organs: Root, Stem, Leaf, Flower, Fruit, Seed
• Basic tissue types

  • Dermal
  • Ground
  • Vascular
• Simple Tissues


  Consist of one cell type
• Types of Simple Tissues

  • Dermal
  • Ground
  • Parenchyma
  • Collenchyma
  • Sclerenchyma
• Epidermis


  • Contains stomates, trichomes, and root hairs
• Diversity of trichomes

  • Non-glandular
  • Glandular
• Parenchyma


  • Thin walled, alive at maturity, multifaceted: Photosynthesis, Storage, Secretion, Mitosis, Wound-healing, cloning, Protection
• Collenchyma


  • Unevenly thickened walls, alive at maturity, functions mainly for support in primary growth
• Sclerenchyma


  • Sclerids and fibers with evenly thickened walls, dead at maturity, provides strength/support/protection
• Xylem


  • Water conducting tissue; parenchyma, fibers, vessels and/or tracheids, and ray cells
• Phloem


  • Food conducting tissue; sieve-tube members (no nucleus at maturity, cytoplasm present), companion cells, fibers, parenchyma, and ray cells
• Periderm


  • Protective covering; composed of cork and parenchyma
• Secretory structures


  • Responsible for making latex, resins, nectar and other substances produced and stored in channels inside the plant body
• Xylem


  Mostly to conduct water and nutrients, e.g. roots to shoots
• Phloem


  Mostly to conduct sugars, amino acids, etc., e.g. leaves to roots or flowers
• Tracheid


  • Long, thin cell with tapered end, secondary wall hardened with lignin, water moves btw cells thru pits
• Vessel member


  • Wider, shorter, thinner walled, less tapered, aligned end to end forming long micropipes, end walls with perforations
• Organization in Plants

  • I. System
  • II. Organs
  • III. Tissues
  • IV. Cell Types
• Organs


  • Root
  • Stem
  • Leaves
  • Reproductive
• Cell Types

  • Parenchyma
  • Collenchyma
  • Sclerenchyma
• Meristmatic cells

  • self removal (mitotic)
  • exhibit high metabolic activity
  • heals plant wounds
  • living tissues