Mitosis, Binary Fission And Cell Death

• What is binary fission?

  A form of asexual reproduction in which a single cell divides into two equal parts and duplicates it's genetic material. It forms two identical daughter cells.
• Do bacteria use mitosis or binary fission?

  Binary fission
• What are the steps of mitosis?

  Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase (PMAT)
• In binary fission, what happens?

  The cell lengthens and the main circular chromosome and small circles of DNA (plasmids) replicate. The replicated chromosomes, plastids and ribosomes separate to either end of the cell.

  
  

  Then, cell wall forms across the center of the cell and a new plasma membrane forms. The two daughter cells separate.
• Are plastids always present?

  No
• What are plastids?

  Plastids are small circles of DNA
• What is a daughter cell?

  A daughter cell is a cell that is formed as a result of cell division.
• What is a centromere?

  The region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids are held together by spindle fibres.
• What is a kinetochore?

  A patch of protein where the spindle attaches which forms a part of the centromere.
• What is a chromatid?

  One of the two identical copies of DNA that make up a replicated chromosome.
• What is apoptosis?

  Programmed cell death.
• What is the cell cycle?

  The cell cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication.
• What happens in cell division in eukaryotes?

  Mitosis
• Do prokaryotes go through mitosis?

  No.
• How does the cell cycle go?

  Interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis (G1, S, G2, M)

  M is usually the smallest section on a diagram and G1 is the largest.
• What is interphase?


  The phase of the cell cycle where the cell grows and prepares for division. G1, S and G2 make up interphase of the cell cycle.
• What happens in G1?

  Cell growth and preparation for DNA replication. G1 is considered the first checkpoint and it ensures that the cell is ready to divide.
• What does G mean?

  Gap
• What happens at the S phase?

  Genetic material (DNA) replicate. Chromosomes become double stranded, they are made into a pair of identical chromatids.
• In the S phase, chromosomes are?

  Chromosomes are still loosely wound and invisible under a microscope.
• What happens at G2?

  This is checkpoint 2, and checks are for cell size and DNA replication.
• What is Prophase?

  The first stage of mitosis, where the chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope breaks down. The mitotic spindle begins to form and some chromosomes attach to the spindle.
• What happens in Metaphase?

  All of the chromosomes are attached to the spindle and chromosomes align in the middle of the cell in an area called the cell plate.
• What happens in Anaphase?


  Chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles of the cell. The cell becomes elongated.
• What happens during Telophase?

  Chromosomes decondense and return back to their loosely wound form and disappear from view.
• What is cytokinesis?

  Cytokinesis is the process by which a cell divides its cytoplasm and organelles into two daughter cells.
• What is the answer?

  D

  
• What is the answer?

  C

  
• What is the answer?

  C

  
• What is the answer?

  P is Anaphase

  Q is Prophase

  R is Telophase

  S is Metaphase

  
• What is the answer to a ?

  W as it is at the stage of mitosis

  
• What is the answer to b ?

  Apoptosis sometimes occurs when cells have DNA damage or have finished their useful life.

  
• What are the positions of the centromere?

  Metacentric, Submetacentric, Acrocentric, Telocentric

  A) Metacentric

  B) Submetacentric

  C) Acrocentric

  D) Telocentric

  
• What is mitosis?

  The process by which a single parent cell divides to make two new daughter cells. It is used for growth and repair of tissues in multicellular organisms.