GEOHAZARD: MASS WASTING AND KARST SYSTEM

• mass wasting is generally termed as

  landslides
• this is a process by which materials are moved downslope unfer the influence of gravity

  mass wasting
• the  steeper the slipe, the greater the pull of gravity
• it's the steepest angle at which a pile of unconsolidated grauns remain stable and controlled by frictional contact between grains

  angle of repose
• list all the factors promoting mass wasting

  slope

  angle of repose

  geology

  fluids

  vegetation

  triggering events
• this factor states the different degree in weathering/fracturing

  geology
• this category under the factors promoting mass wasting adds weight/reduces friction, increased pore pressure, and lowers angle of repose

  fluids
• water completely surrounds all grains and eliminates all grain to grain contact

  liquefaction
• water fills in the pore space between grains

  water-saturated sediment
• this factor where in the roots bind rock and soil

  vegetation
• this factor reduces soil moisture by transpiration and increased infiltration

  vegetation
• 2 types of triggering events

  natural

  humab-induced
• mass wasting is classified based on

  rate of movement

  type of movement

  type of material involved
• the rate of movement can be

  rapid (m/s)

  very slow (km/hr)
• 3 types of movements

  flow

  slide

  fall
• mass movement as viscous fluid

  flow
• along well-defined surface; mass remained intact

  slide
• free-falls from very steep slopes

  fall
• a hard or firm mass that was intact and in its natural place before the initiation of movement

  rock
• this is the upper limit of sand-sized particles

  earth
• smaller than 0.6 mm, the upper limit of silt-sized particles

  mud
• it contains a significant proportion of coarse materials

  debris
• give the 5 materials involved in mass wasting

  debris

  mud

  soil

  earth

  rock
• in 1978, a classification system is established, what is it called

  varnes classification system
• during the first term, it describes the type of material
• during the second term, the type of movement is desrcribed
• terrain with distinctive landforms and

  drainage patterns arising from greater rock

  solubility in natural water than is found

  elsewhere

  karst
• where do karst arised from?

  rock solubility in natural water
• identify the karst and where is it from?

  laro hahahaha love u

  A) stone forest

  
• identify the karst and location

  location: alaminos, pangasinan

  A) hundred islands

  
• karst are made up of what?

  highly-soluble rocks
• amount of space/voids in a rock

  porosity
• interconnection of these voids

  permeability
• karst are made due to chemical weathering called

  dissolution
• carbon dioxide in the atmosphere reacts with water forming carbonic acid
• carbonic acids then dissolves calcite and dolomite
• release carbon dioxide from dripwater in cave drives precipitation of calcite to make stalactites and stalagmites
• warmer climate promote chemical weathering
• organisms and plants produce carbon dioxide
• higher relief promote karstification due to rapid water movement