two types of cells

• There are two major categories of cell types, eukaryotic and prokaryotic
• Prokaryotic cells


  • Smaller and less specialised than eukaryotic cells
  • Do not contain membrane-bound organelles
• Eukaryotic cells


  Evolved from prokaryotic cells
• Common features shared by eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

  • Cell membrane
  • Nucleic acids
  • Proteins
  • Ribosomes
• Cell membrane


  Controls what comes into and goes out of the cell
• Cytoplasm


  Jelly-like substance where chemical reactions in the cell happen
• Ribosome


  Site where proteins are formed (protein synthesis)
• Mitochondria


  • Breaks down glucose to release energy for the cell (respiration)
  • Has a large surface area for increased rate of respiration
• Cell wall


  • Support and protection for the cell from popping (lysing)
  • Made from cellulose
• Vacuole


  • Small bags inside the cell, filled with stored molecules
  • Plant cells have a large central vacuole filled with cell sap (water and dissolved sugars/mineral ions); pressure causes cells to stay "full"
• Chloroplast


  Contain chlorophyll to absorb light energy and convert it to chemical energy for photosynthesis
• Cell structures found in animal and plant cells

  • Cytoplasm
  • Nucleus
  • Ribosome
  • Mitochondrion
  • Cell membrane

  
• Additional cell structures found in plant cells

  • Chloroplast
  • Cell wall
  • Vacuole
• Prokaryotic cells are all single-cell organisms with a simple cell structure
• Eukaryotic cells can be single-cell or multicellular organisms with a complex structure and membrane-bound organelles
• Prokaryotic cells have cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, DNA in the nucleoid region, and ribosomes

  
• Some prokaryotic cells have additional structures like a capsule, pili, and flagella
• Shapes of prokaryotic cells

  • Rod shaped
  • Sphere (cocci) shaped
  • Spiral shaped
• The nucleus is the "brain" of the eukaryotic cell and contains the cell's genetic material

  
• The cell membrane is common to all types of cells
• Ribosomes are found in the cytoplasm of all types of cells
• Mitochondria are found in eukaryotic cells (animal and plant)
• Cell walls are found in plant cells (eukaryotic cells) and bacterial cells (prokaryotic cells)