DRRR (4TH QUARTER)

• Earthquake


  Tremor on Earth's crust due to stresses in the surface like volcanic activity
• Types of Earthquake Hazards

  • Ground Shaking
  • Landslides
  • Liquefaction
  • Tsunami
  • Fire shaking
• Ground Shaking


  Caused by the passage of seismic waves near the epicenter of the earthquake; the first man effect
• Landslides


  Movement of rock, earth, and debris down a sloped land, caused by factors that make the slope unstable
• Liquefaction


  Blending of soil and groundwater amid the shaking of a solid earthquake
• Tsunami


  Series of water waves caused when the seafloor moves
• Tsunami characteristics


  • Crest - the highest point of the wave
  • Trough - the lowest point of a wave
  • Wavelength - distance between two waves
• 2004 deadliest tsunami in Indian Ocean
• Types of Volcanic Hazards

  • Lahars
  • Ash fall
  • Pyroclastic Flow
  • Ballistic Projectile
  • Volcanic Gas
  • Lava Flow
• Volcanic eruptions


  Happen when lava and gas are discharged from a volcanic vent
• Volcanic eruptions cause temporary food shortages and Lahar
• Most dangerous volcanic eruption: glowing avalanche
• Lahars


  Rock fragments flowing down a volcano, highly destructive to anything in its path
• Ash fall


  Composed of bits and pieces of pulverized rock, minerals and volcanic glass
• Pyroclastic Flow


  Fast moving fluidized mass of rock fragments and gases, maintains a very high temperature burning everything
• Ballistic Projectile


  Rock fragment ejected from a volcano during its explosive eruption
• Volcanic Gas


  Consists of sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, which are poisonous and hazardous organisms
• Lava Flow


  Molten rock that pours down from the press down from slopes of the volcano
• Geological hazards are natural phenomena that cause major problems around the world. In general, most of the geological hazards are related to natural conditions, although some may be due to human activities.
• Landslides


  Ground movement on a sloping terrain, gravity induces the land to move downward and is aggravated by rain because of water erosion
• Sinkhole


  Topographic depression created when groundwater dissolves the underlying limestone bedrock, often known as "sink" or "doline"
• Types of Landslides


  • Soil Creep Landslide
  • Slumping Landslide
  • Debris Flow Landslide
  • Rock Fall Landslides
• Soil Creep Landslide


  Very slow downslope movement of particles that occurs in every slope covered with loose, weathered material
• Slumping Landslide


  Downward movement of rock debris, usually the consequence of removal of buttressing Earth at the foot of a slope of unconsolidated material
• Debris Flow Landslide


  Happens when the slope becomes saturated with water, this then triggers a landslide of water-soaked mass of rock and soil
• Rock Fall Landslides


  Sudden slides caused by heavy rain the rock on the slope loosens
• Types of Sinkholes


  • Cover Collapse Sinkhole
  • Cover Subsidence Sinkhole
  • Dissolution Sinkholes
  • Artificial Sinkholes
• Cover Collapse Sinkhole


  Develops abruptly, occur where the covering sediments contain a significant amount of clay, over time surface drainage, erosion, and deposition of sinkhole into a shallower bowl-shaped depression
• Cover Subsidence Sinkhole


  Develops gradually where the covering sediments are permeable and contain sand, they are smaller and thus may go undetected for long periods
• Dissolution Sinkholes


  Occur in areas where limestone is exposed at land surface, dissolution of the limestone or dolomite is most intensive where the water first contacts the rock surface
• Artificial Sinkholes


  Types of sinkholes that can be caused by various human activities, including groundwater pumping and construction activities, the most common are mining, drilling, and considerable changes in weight
• Hydrometeorological Hazard


  Process of atmospheric, hydrological or oceanographic nature that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts
• Types of Hydrometeorological Hazards

  • Typhoon
  • Flood
  • La Niña
  • Storm Surge
  • Thunderstorms
  • El Niño
  • Flash Flood
• Typhoon


  Low-pressure area, or a wide and violent tropical cyclone, rotates in the counterclockwise direction, many people on the other side of the planet name it storms or wily-wily
• Flood


  Characterized as superfluous water that swamps normally dry land and properties
• La Niña


  Represents periods of under average sea surface temperatures across the Equatorial Pacific in the east-central
• Storm Surge


  Abnormal rise in sea level during tropical cyclones or "bagyo"
• Thunderstorms


  Local storms created by cumulonimbus clouds and are often accompanied by lightning and thunder, usually with strong wind gusts, heavy rain and occasionally hail and/or tornadoes
• El Niño


  Refers to the large-scale ocean atmosphere climate interaction linked to a regular warming of sea surface temperatures around the Equatorial Pacific region and east-center
• Flash Flood


  Often caused by heavy rainfall in a short time span, typically less than 6 hours