Nutrient 3.1,2

• Carbohydrate


  Organic compound that contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Stable for humans.
• Staple food


  Food that you eat mostly every day, that always appears in your diet
• Examples of carbohydrates


  • Starch
  • Glycogen
  • Cellulose
• Function of carbohydrates


  Supply energy
• Protein


  Contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. Digested into amino acids.
• Function of protein


  Required for growth, repair of damaged tissue, replacement of cells, synthesis of enzymes, hormones and antibodies
• Fat


  Contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Formed from glycerol and fatty acids.
• Function of fat


  Supplies energy (2x energy of carbohydrates), protects organs, transports vitamins
• Fiber


  Substance that cannot be broken down by the digestive system
• Function of fiber


  Stimulates peristalsis, prevents constipation
• Sources of fiber


  • Vegetables
  • Fruits
  • High fiber bread
  • Grains
• Water


  Chemical solvent, transportation medium for nutrients and waste
• Function of water


  Regulates body temperature, transports nutrients and waste
• Sources of water


  • Fruit juice
  • Watermelon
• Vitamins


  Organic compounds needed in small quantities to maintain health
• Types of vitamins


  • Water soluble (B, C)
  • Fat soluble (A, D, E, K)
• Vitamin A


  Helps with night vision, maintains skin health
• Vitamin B


  Maintains nervous system function, formation of red blood cells
• Sources of vitamin B

  • Eggs
  • Liver
  • Yeast
• Vitamin C


  Fights diseases, maintains gum and mouth health
• Sources of vitamin C

  • Vegetables
  • Fruits (especially citrus)
• Vitamin D


  Helps absorb calcium, strengthens teeth and bones, maintains skin health
• Vitamin E


  Maintains reproductive system function
• Sources of vitamin E

  • Grains
  • Green vegetables
• Vitamin K


  Speeds up blood clotting process
• Sources of vitamin K

  • Egg yolk
  • Milk
  • Fish oil
• Minerals


  Non-organic substances required by the body in small quantities to regulate body processes
• Calcium

  Helps with blood clotting, strengthens bones and teeth
• Sodium


  Maintains nervous system function
• Sources of sodium


  • Meat
  • Salt
  • Egg
• Iron


  Builds hemoglobin in red blood cells
• Sources of iron


  • Liver
  • Meat
• Iodine


  Important for thyroid gland function
• Sources of iodine


  • Seafood
  • Fruits
• Phosphorus


  Strengthens bones and teeth, forms nucleic acids
• Sources of phosphorus


  • Cheese
  • Meat
  • Eggs
  • Vegetables
• Potassium


  Helps with muscle contraction, maintains nervous system function
• Balanced diet


  A diet that contains all the food classes in the right quantities that are required by the body
• Food classes


  • Carbohydrate
  • Protein
  • Fat
  • Vitamin
  • Mineral
  • Fiber
  • Water
• Food pyramid


  • Food at the bottom level is eaten the most, as you go up the pyramid you eat less of those foods