MODULE 5: PRE-ANA CONSIDERATIONS

• Pre-Analytical Phase


  • Patient preparation
  • Specimen Collection
  • Specimen handling/transport
• PHYSIOLOGIC VARIABLES


  • AGE AND GENDER
  • ALTITUDE
  • DEHYDRATION
  • DIET
  • DRUG THERAPY
  • EXERCISE
  • JAUNDICE
  • POSITION
  • SMOKING
  • STRESS
• RBC & WBC values

  Higher in newborns than adults
• RBC, HEMATOCRIT, & HEMOGLOBIN


  Higher in males than females
• RBC count


  Elevated at higher altitudes
• Hemoconcentration


  Blood components become concentrated in the smaller plasma volume
• UREA


  Elevated after high-protein diet
• GLUCOSE


  Elevated after carbohydrate-rich meals
• LIPIDS


  May cause "lipemic" samples
• BLOOD CELLS


  Decreased due to chemotherapy drugs
• LACTIC ACID, POTASSIUM & SKELETAL MUSCLE ENZYMES


  Increase with exercise
• Jaundice


  Condition characterized by increased bilirubin in the blood, may cause "icteric" samples
• Pre-Analytical Phase


  • Patient preparation
  • Specimen Collection
  • Specimen handling/transport
• PHYSIOLOGIC VARIABLES


  • AGE AND GENDER
  • ALTITUDE
  • DEHYDRATION
  • DIET
  • DRUG THERAPY
  • EXERCISE
  • JAUNDICE
  • POSITION
  • SMOKING
  • STRESS
• RBC & WBC values

  Higher in newborns than adults
• RBC, HEMATOCRIT, & HEMOGLOBIN


  Higher in males than females
• Pre-Analytical Phase


  • Patient preparation
  • Specimen Collection
  • Specimen handling/transport