Cells & Organelles

• Cell theory


  • cells are the basic structural units of an organism
  • all cells come from pre - existing cells (GRR - growth, repair, replace
  • all living things are made up of one or more cells
• Eukaryote Cells


  • are complex - because they have other membrane - bound nucleus
  • DNA is found in membrane - bound nucleus
  • can be unicellular or multicellular
  • can be found in plants, animals, fungal

  
• Prokaryote Cells


  • are more simple - bc they don't have other membrane - bound nucleus
  • DNA is found in nucleoid
  • are unicellular
  • They do not have any other membrane-bound organelles

  
• Organelles


  specialised structures inside of cells that perform specific jobs
• Membrane bound organelles

  these organelles are surrounded by a membrane

  e.g. Nucleus, Mitochondria, Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, Lysosomes, Ribosomes, Cytoskeleton
• Non - membrane bound organelles

  A type of organelle that lacks a plasma membrane and is found in the cytoplasm of a cell

  e.g. ribosomes, cell wall, cytoskeleton
• Organelles found in a eukaryote & prokaryote cells


  • Cell membrane
  • Golgi body -> vacuoles
  • Ribosomes
  • Rough endoplasmic reticulum
  • Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
  • Mitochondria
  • Nucleus
  • Cytosol
• Organelles found in ONLY plants 


  • Large permanent vacuole
  • cell wall
  • chloroplast
• Cell membrane 


  • provides protection for the cell by keeping anything needed in, in and anything needed out, out
  • partially permeable membrane

  
• Golgi body


  Final

  Modification

  And

  Packaging of proteins

  
  

  vacuoles/ vesicles (the eyes of the body) -> transports substances around the cell

  
• Rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER)


  Folds

  And

  Transports protein

  
• Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER)


  helps create fats/lip

  
• Mitochondria


  powerhouse of the cells, where energy gets produced

  
• Nucleus


  where DNA is stored, controls the cells functions

  
• Cytosol/ cytoskeleton


  fluid part of the cell

  
• Large permanent vacuole (P)


  • does not move,
  • stores water, nutrients, SAP

  
• Cell wall (P)


  provides structure to cell wall

  
• Chloroplast (P)


  produces energy through photosynthesis

  photosynthesis -> uses sunlight to turn into sugar which turns into a food source and energy