Acid,Bases and Salts

• Properties of Acids


  Donates H+ ions, pH < 7, reacts with bases, tastes sour, corrodes certain metals
• Reaction of Acid and Base

  Acid + Base → Salt + Water
• Properties of Bases


  Accepts OH- ions, pH > 7, reacts with acids, feels slippery or soapy, may have bitter or astringent taste
• Reaction of Acid and Metal

  Acid + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen
• 2NaOH(aq) + Zn(s) —>

  Na2ZnO2(s) + H2(g)
• Na2ZnO2

  Sodium zincate
• Metal Carbonates and Acids

  A reaction between a metal carbonate and an acid produces a salt and water
• Metal Hydrogencarbonates and Acids

  A reaction between a metal hydrogencarbonate and an acid produces a salt, water, and carbon dioxide
• Acid + Base —>

  salt + H2O
• Metal carbonate + Acid —> Salt + CO2 + H2O
• What chemical compound can cause acid rain?

  NO2 and SO3
• Non-metal oxide with base reaction

  Acid forms, salt and water are produced
• The quantity of H+ ions is directly related to the concentration of the solution.
• What causes the change of litmus colour?


  H3O+ or hydronium ion
• Hydrogen ions cannot exist without combining with water molecules. Thus they must always be shown as H+ or H3O+
• How to prevent local heating?

  Constant stirring to avoid uneven expansion and heat distribution
• Why must acid always be added slowly to water with constant stirring?

  As dissolving an acid/base with water is an highly exoteric reaction it is prone to local heating and splashing out/ breaking the glass container.