Biology 10

• Order of Scientists (9)


  1.Hans and Zacharias Janssen

  2.Robert Hooke

  3.Francesco Reddi

  4.Antoni Van Leuwenhoeke

  5.Robert Brown

  6.Matthias Schleiden

  7.Theodore Schwann

  8.Rudolf Virchow

  9.Louis Pasteur
• 1595 Hans and Zacharais Janssen

  Invented first 2 lens microscope
• 1665 Robert Hooke


  Developed 3 lens microscope and discovered the cell
• 1668 Francesco Reddi


  Attempted to disprove spontanious generation
• 1670 Antoni Van Leuwenhoek


  Father of Microbiology
• 1833 Robert Brown


  Named the Nucleus
• 3 fathers of Cell Theory

  1838 Matthias Schleiden

  1839 Theodore Schwann

  1858 Rudolf Virchow
• 1838 Matthias Schleiden


  Determined all plants were made of cells
• 1839 Theodore Schwann


  Determined all animals are made of cells
• 1858 Rudolf Virchow


  Demostrated all cells come from preexisting cells
• 3 principles of cell theory

  All organisms are made of 1 or more cells

  Cells are the smallest unit of life

  All cells come from pre-existing cells
• 1862 Louis Pasteur


  Pioneered sterilization and disproved spontaneous generation
• Hans and Zacharais Janssen


  The inventors of the first microscope, helping to lay the foundation for scientific discoveries.
• Robert Hooke


  English natural philosopher and polymath who discovered cells in cork using a microscope and coined the term "cell".
• Francesco Reddi


  Italian anatomist and medical scientist who discovered and described the structure of the human embryo.
• Antoni Van Leuwenhoeke


  Flemish scientist who discovered bacteria, pioneering the field of microbiology.
• Robert Brown


  Scottish botanist who discovered the nucleus of a plant cell.
• Matthias Schleiden

  German botanist who proposed the cell theory, stating that all living organisms are composed of cells.
• Theodore Schwann

  German physiologist who expanded the cell theory by describing protoplasm and demonstrating cellular reproduction.
• Rudolf Virchow

  German physician and pathologist who discovered the role of leukocytes in disease and developed the concept of cellular pathology.
• Louis Pasteur

  French chemist and microbiologist who developed vaccination and pasteurization methods, researched germ theory, and made significant contributions to microbiology.
• What do the stage clips do on a microscope


  Hold speciment in place
• Micrometers to millimeters


  divide by 1000
• millimeters to micrometers


  x1000
• Calculate magnification of microscope

  power of ocular lens X power of objective lens
• FOV=

  Low=4mm

  Medium=1.6mm

  High=0.4mm
• Size of Object=

  FOV/FIT#
• Magnification of Drawing=

  Size of Drawing/Size of speciment
• Organelles


  Structure that carries out a function in a cell
• cytoplasm


  gel-like fluid inside a cell
• Nucleus


  Contains DNA
• Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum


  makes lipids and carbs
• Rough endoplasmic reticulum


  Has ribosomes, makes protein
• Ribosomes


  assembles protein
• Golgi apparatus


  Folds proteins, packs materials for transport
• Lysosomes


  Contains digestive enzymes
• Louis Pasteur


  Pioneered sterilization and also disproved spontaneous generation
• light microscope


  shines light through thin samples
• Scanning electron microscope


  bombards a speciment with electrons, leaving emissions of x-rays and secondary electrons, creating a 3D image.
• transmission electron microscope


  sends a beam of electrons through a speciment, image is forced by interaction of electrons, creates a 2D image.