IB Design Technology DP1 Paper 1 Mock

• Ergonomics


  The application of scientific information concerning the relationship between human beings and the design of products, systems and environments.
• Anthropometrics


  The aspect of ergonomics that deals with body measurements, particularly those of size, strength and physical capacity.
• Primary data


  Data collected first-hand for a specific purpose. Also known as field research.
• Secondary data


  Data collected by someone else. Also known as desk research.
• Percentile range


  The proportion of a population with a dimension at or less than a given value.
• 95th percentile


  The point above which 95% of the population in marked
• Clearance


  The physical space/distance between two objects.
• 5 limitations when collecting anthropometric data

  - Unreliability of tools

  - Inadequate training for tool use

  - Time of day data is collected

  - Clothing

  - Carrying out same tasks in different ways
• Topic 21 Resources and Reserves
• Non-renewable resources


  Natural resources that do not replenish at a sustainable rate. They will eventually run out if current rate of extraction is maintained.
• Renewable resources


  Natural resources that are replenished within a relatively short period of time, at a rate similar to that of consumption.
• 6 renewable resources


  - Solar

  - Wind

  - Hydro

  - Tidal

  - Geothermal

  - Biofuel/biomass
• 5 disadvantages of renewable resources

  - High set-up/installation costs

  - Requires infrastructure/technology to harvest energy

  - Still generates some pollution

  - Expensive energy storage costs

  - Unreliable; affected by weather
• Reserves


  The available natural resources left that can be extracted if technologically and economically viable.
• Renewability


  The level at which a resource is renewable. The rate that a resource can be replenished.
• Positive impacts of resource extraction on local populations

  - Local employment opportunities

  - Increased skills
• Negative impacts of resource extraction on local populations

  - Dangerous working conditions

  - Child labour
• 6 waste mitigation strategies

  - Reuse

  - Recycle

  - Repair

  - Recondition

  - Reengineer

  - Dematerialization
• Reuse


  Using an obsolete product again in the same or different context.
• Recondition


  Rebuilding a product so it is in an as new condition
• Circular economy aim


  Decouple economic growth from consumption of finite sources
• Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (WEEE)


  Directive which set targets for the collection, treatment and recycling of electronic waste at the end of life to divert volumes of waste electrical equipment from landfills
• De-weighting


  Reduction of quantity of materials to reduce overall weight of product.
• Local combined heat and power (CHP)


  Technology that uses a single fuel source that produces both heat and electricity for a local community.

  
  

  Generates electrical and thermal energy from a single source.
• Systems for Individual Energy Generation

  Small scale production of energy for single households.
• Batteries


  Combination of electrochemical cells which convert chemical energy into electrical energy
• Design considerations for batteries

  - Power demands

  - Physical size of battery

  - Rechargeability

  - Environmental impact at disposal
• Green design


  Designing in a way that takes account of the environmental impact of the product throughout its life. Making incremental changes. Short-timescale. Low risk.
• 4 strategies for green design

  Laws and regulations that are based on conservation and sustainability principles, followed by designers and manufacturers when creating green products.
• 4 advantages of incremental solutions

  - Exploit existing technologies

  - Minimal changes to manufacturing

  - Quick responses to legislation

  - Lower risks
• The prevention principle


  The avoidance or minimization of producing waste in relation to the production, use and disposal of a product.
• Topic 3: Modelling
• Conceptual model


  Model that begins in the imagination/mind

  - Helps designers communicate idea to client/user

  - Gauge reactions to idea
• Conceptual model uses


  - Designers can communicate idea with design team

  - Using graphical/physical/virtual methods

  - Allow ideas to be developed
• 4 advantages of concept models

  - Explore design ideas and possibilities

  - Reduce costs and errors in production

  - Communicate ideas to non-technical people easily

  - Gather client feedback
• 4 disadvantages of concept models

  - Lack of important details

  - Materials/aesthetics not representative of final product

  - Not durable

  - Could be misinterpreted
• Sketching, freehand sketches


  Rough, simple drawings that allow for exploration and communication of ideas quickly.
• 4 advantages of sketching

  - Quick to create

  - No specialized tools needed

  - Allows divergent, creative thinking

  - Easy to communicate ideas to others
• 2 disadvantages of sketching

  - Lacks detail

  - Not representative of final product
• 2D models


  Models which represent details, proportion, measurements, relationships. "Flat views" of the design.