BEHAVIOURISM

    Cards (6)

    • assumptions
      • behaviour learnt from environment - born tabula rasa (no genetic influence)
      • observable behaviour studied scientifically (rejected introspection)
      • animals and humans learn same way (animal research)
    • classical conditioning
      • learning by association
      • two stimuli repeated together to condition a response
    • Pavlov's dogs
      • unconditioned stimulus (food) -> unconditioned repsonse (salivating)
      • neutral stimulus (bell) -> no conditioned response
      • unconditioned + neutral -> unconditioned response (salivating)
      • conditioned stimulus (bell) -> conditioned response (salivating)
    • Watson and Rayner 1920
      • conditioned a phobia in 'Little Albert'
      • white rat (neutral stimulus) -> no conditioned response
      • loud noise of hammer hitting steel (unconditioned stimulus) -> fear/anxiety (unconditioned response)
      • white rat + loud noise -> fear/anxiety (unconditioned repsonse)
      • white rat -> fear/anxiety (conditioned response)
      even with fluffy white objects e.g. fur coat, rabbit
    • operant conditioning
      • learning by consequence
      -positive reinforcement (rewarded) - behaviour more likely to happen
      -negative reinforcement (avoids unpleasant) - behaviour more likely to happen
      -punishment (punished) - behaviour less likely to happen again
    • Skinner's rats/'Skinner box'
      • positive reinforcement - rats pushed lever and rewarded with food pellet -> increase in behaviour
      • negative reinforcement - rats pushed lever to avoid electric shock -> increase in behaviour