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PSYCHOLOGY
APPROACHES
BEHAVIOURISM
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Created by
Luisana
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Cards (6)
assumptions
behaviour learnt from
environment
- born
tabula rasa
(no genetic influence)
observable behaviour studied scientifically (rejected
introspection
)
animals and humans learn
same way
(animal research)
classical conditioning
learning by
association
two stimuli repeated together to
condition
a response
Pavlov's dogs
unconditioned
stimulus (food) ->
unconditioned
repsonse (salivating)
neutral
stimulus (bell) -> no
conditioned
response
unconditioned
+ neutral ->
unconditioned
response (salivating)
conditioned
stimulus (bell) -> conditioned response (salivating)
Watson and Rayner 1920
conditioned a
phobia
in 'Little Albert'
white
rat
(neutral stimulus) -> no conditioned response
loud
noise
of hammer hitting steel (unconditioned stimulus) -> fear/anxiety (unconditioned response)
white rat + loud noise -> fear/anxiety (unconditioned repsonse)
white rat ->
fear
/
anxiety
(conditioned response)
even with fluffy white objects e.g. fur coat, rabbit
operant conditioning
learning by
consequence
-positive reinforcement
(rewarded) - behaviour more likely to happen
-negative
reinforcement
(avoids unpleasant) - behaviour more likely to happen
-punishment
(punished) - behaviour less likely to happen again
Skinner's rats/'Skinner box'
positive reinforcement
- rats pushed lever and rewarded with food pellet ->
increase
in behaviour
negative reinforcement
- rats pushed lever to avoid electric shock ->
increase
in behaviour