IB Design Technology DP1 Paper 1 Mock

• Topic 1.1a: Anthropometrics
• Ergonomics


  The application of scientific information concerning the relationship between human beings and the design of products, systems and environments.
• Anthropometrics


  The aspect of ergonomics that deals with body measurements, particularly those of size, strength and physical capacity.
• Static/Structural Data


  Human body measurements when the subject is still.
• Dynamic/Functional Data


  Human body measurements taken when the subject is in motion, performing a task.
• Primary data


  Data collected first-hand for a specific purpose. Also known as field research.
• Secondary data


  Data collected by someone else. Also known as desk research.
• Percentiles


  Shows the value below which a certain percentage of a group falls into.
• Percentile range


  The proportion of a population with a dimension at or less than a given value.
• 5th percentile


  The point below which 5% of the population is marked
• 95th percentile


  The point above which 95% of the population in marked
• Clearance


  The physical space/distance between two objects.
• Range of sizes


  A fixed selection of sizes a product is made in that caters for the majority of a market.
• Adjustability


  The ability of a product to be changed in size, commonly used to increase the range of percentiles that a product is appropriate for.
• Reach


  A range that a person can stretch to touch or grasp an object from a specified position.
• Workspace envelope


  3D space to carry out physical activities from fixed position. Should be designed for 5th percentile.
• Ergonome


  A 2D physical anthropometric model based on a specific percentile, which is used with drawings of the same scale as the model to consider the relationship between the size of an object and people.
• Manikin


  3D model of human body
• 4 factors affecting anthropometric data

  - Age

  - Gender

  - Ethnicity

  - Fitness
• 5 limitations when collecting anthropometric data

  - Unreliability of tools

  - Inadequate training for tool use

  - Time of day data is collected

  - Clothing

  - Carrying out same tasks in different ways
• Topic 2.1: Resources and Reserves
• Non-renewable resources


  Natural resources that do not replenish at a sustainable rate. They will eventually run out if current rate of extraction is maintained.
• 2 non-renewable resources


  - Fossil fuels (natural gas, oil, coal)

  - Nuclear energy
• 3 advantages of non-renewable resources

  - Cheap and affordable

  - High energy density

  - Not dependent on environmental factors
• 4 disadvantages of non-renewable resources

  - Finite; exhaustible; limited supply

  - Slow/unsustainable replenishing rate

  - Releases toxic chemicals; causes pollution

  - Dangerous; leaves radioactive residues
• Renewable resources


  Natural resources that are replenished within a relatively short period of time, at a rate similar to that of consumption.
• 6 renewable resources


  - Solar

  - Wind

  - Hydro

  - Tidal

  - Geothermal

  - Biofuel/biomass
• 3 advantages of renewable resources

  - Inexhaustible; unlimited supply; naturally replenished

  - Eco friendly; reduced CO2 emissions

  - Safe for humans
• 5 disadvantages of renewable resources

  - High set-up/installation costs

  - Requires infrastructure/technology to harvest energy

  - Still generates some pollution

  - Expensive energy storage costs

  - Unreliable; affected by weather
• Reserves


  The available natural resources left that can be extracted if technologically and economically viable.
• Renewability


  The level at which a resource is renewable. The rate that a resource can be replenished.
• 3 political and economic considerations of resource extraction

  - Balance of economic benefits and political impact

  - Impact on local populations

  - Economic and political significance
• Positive impacts of resource extraction on local populations

  - Local employment opportunities

  - Increased skills
• Negative impacts of resource extraction on local populations

  - Dangerous working conditions

  - Child labour
• Environmental impacts of resource extraction

  - Noise/air/water pollution

  - Deforestation

  - Habitat destruction

  - Biodiversity loss

  - Natural resource depletion
• Design considerations for resource extraction


  Be aware of resources used throughout product lifecycle to minimize negative environmental impacts.
• Topic 2.2: Waste mitigation strategies
• Waste mitigation strategies


  Strategies used to reduce the waste produced by a product by lowering emissions/use of material + energy
• 6 waste mitigation strategies

  - Reuse

  - Recycle

  - Repair

  - Recondition

  - Reengineer

  - Dematerialization
• Reuse


  Using an obsolete product again in the same or different context.