Nigeria (+Lagos)

• Political context of Nigeria's development

  Nigeria was part of the British Empire until it became independent in 1960. It suffered from conflict and unrest after independence but is now politically stable.
• Social context of Nigeria's development

  Nigeria was created when European nations divided up Africa during the Berlin Conference, leading to a wide mix of faiths and ethnic groups. This diversity led to a civil war from 1967-1970.
• Cultural context of Nigeria's development


  Nigeria is well-known for its music, cinema (Nollywood), and football team.
• Environmental context of Nigeria's development

  The north of Nigeria is part of the Sahel and is very dry. Much of Nigeria is tropical grassland, but the region nearest to the coastline is forested and ideal for growing cocoa.
• Location of Obudu Mountain Resort

  The Obudu Mountain Resort is located in southeastern Nigeria.
• Obudu Mountain Resort

  • Climate: Cooler temperatures due to high altitude
  • Activities: Hiking, bird watching, and cable car rides
  • Economic Impact: Provides jobs and boosts the local economy through tourism
• Economic benefits of Shell's oil extraction in the Niger Delta

  Significant revenue for Nigeria's economy
• Environmental impacts of Shell's oil extraction in the Niger Delta

  Oil spills and gas flaring have caused severe environmental damage
• Social impacts of Shell's oil extraction in the Niger Delta

  Conflicts and health issues among local communities due to pollution
• Potential solutions to mitigate the impacts of oil extraction in the Niger Delta

  • Implementing stricter environmental regulations
  • Improving clean-up efforts
  • Investing in community development projects
• Impact of tourism at Obudu Mountain Resort on the local community

  Tourism provides jobs and boosts the local economy, but it can also lead to environmental degradation if not managed sustainably
• Activities tourists can enjoy at the Obudu Mountain Resort

  • Hiking
  • Bird watching
  • Cable car rides
• Main environmental issues caused by oil extraction in the Niger Delta

  • Oil spills
  • Gas flaring
  • Habitat destruction
• How Nigeria's political stability has influenced its development

  Political stability has allowed for economic growth and development, attracting foreign investment and improving infrastructure
• Role of Nigeria's cultural richness in its development


  Nigeria's music, cinema, and sports have boosted its global cultural presence, attracting tourism and investment
• Challenges faced by Nigeria due to its social diversity

  Ethnic and religious tensions, which have historically led to conflicts such as the civil war from 1967-1970
• How Nigeria can balance economic benefits from oil extraction with environmental protection

  • Implementing stricter environmental regulations
  • Investing in renewable energy
  • Ensuring oil companies are held accountable for environmental damage
• Significance of Nigeria's agricultural output

  Nigeria has the largest agricultural output in Africa, contributing significantly to its GDP and providing employment for a large portion of the population
• Lagos


  Largest city in Nigeria, located on the coast of the Gulf of Guinea, major financial hub
• Causes of rapid urbanization in Lagos

  • Rural-to-urban migration
  • Natural increase
• Economic opportunities in Lagos

  • Jobs in finance, manufacturing, and services sectors
• Social opportunities in Lagos

  • Better healthcare, education, and improved living standards
• Housing challenges in Lagos

  • Overcrowding
  • Growth of informal settlements or slums
• Service challenges in Lagos

  • Strain on infrastructure, including water supply, sanitation, and electricity
• Employment challenges in Lagos

  • High levels of unemployment and underemployment
• Environmental challenges in Lagos

  • Pollution, waste management issues, and traffic congestion
• Urban planning initiatives in Lagos

  • Eko Atlantic project to create new land and reduce overcrowding
• Transport improvements in Lagos

  • Lagos Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system
• Rural-to-urban migration


  People migrate from rural areas to Lagos in search of better job opportunities, education, and healthcare
• Informal economy in Lagos

  Economic activities that are not regulated by the government, such as street vending and informal transport services
• Makoko


  A large informal settlement in Lagos, often referred to as the "Venice of Africa" due to its stilt houses on the water
• Water supply issues in Lagos

  • Limited access to clean water, with many residents relying on wells and boreholes
• Sanitation problems in Lagos

  • Poor waste management and inadequate sewage systems, leading to health hazards
• Causes of traffic congestion in Lagos

  • Rapid population growth, inadequate road infrastructure, and a high number of vehicles
• Types of pollution in Lagos

  • Air pollution from vehicles and industries, and water pollution from untreated sewage and industrial waste
• Eko Atlantic project


  A large-scale urban development project aimed at creating new land from the Atlantic Ocean to reduce overcrowding and provide new housing and business opportunities
• Lagos State Government initiatives


  • Programs to improve public transport, waste management, and housing, such as the Lagos Metropolitan Area Transport Authority (LAMATA) and the Lagos Waste Management Authority (LAWMA)
• Educational opportunities in Lagos

  • Numerous primary, secondary, and tertiary institutions, including the University of Lagos, offering better educational prospects compared to rural areas
• Healthcare facilities in Lagos


  Lagos has several hospitals and clinics, providing better healthcare services than many rural areas in Nigeria
• Main economic sectors in Lagos

  • Finance
  • Manufacturing
  • Telecommunications
  • Entertainment