paper 2 geog

Created by

toby coleman

Cards (51)

natural increase  
when the birth rate is higher than the death rate
how many mover into Lagos each hour
85
regional importance of Lagos
generates the highest internal revenue of all Nigeria's states
If taken as a country on its own it would be the 11th largest economy in Africa
national importance of Lagos
Most of Nigeria's manufacturing industry is located in Lagos
home to 10% of Nigeria's population
international importance of Lagos
Lagos airport is the main arrival point for 80% of flights into west Africa
7th fastest growing city in the world and the most populated city in Africa
informal economy example  
Olusosun rubbish dump, Lagos
benefits of an informal economy 
-rubbish can be turned into energy by harnessing methane gas, emitted from rotten waste
-workers can live at the dump, building homes out of discarded material
problems of an informal economy 
-children may work at the dump rather than going to school
-a lot of workers wear no shoes or no gloves meaning sharp objects can cut them
rural to urban migration pull factors
-jobs in the informal sector so don't have to pay tax
-offers better employment opportunity's, especially tertiary jobs like lawyers
rural to urban migration push factors
-farming pays low wages and requires hard work
-some land is polluted by the oil industry
-few job opportunities other than farming
opportunities in Lagos: location
-easy to trade with other country's
-protected from powerful waves
-several ports, tin can island port
-international airport, Lagos Muhammed airport
opportunities in Lagos: education
5 university's
2/3 of students go to school
opportunities in Lagos: economy
30% of Nigeria's GDP is made in Lagos
growing fashion and film industry, Nollywood
Nissan car factory
Guinness beer factory
challenges of living in Lagos
crime: area boys
traffic congestion: 75% of workers in traffic for 3 hours a day
clean water supply: 11% piped water, 14% public tap water
urban growth: 85 every hour so not enough houses
example of Urban planning
Makoko floating school
importance of Reading to the UK
Reading university
oracle shopping centre
Reading football club
importance of Reading to the wider world
Reading festival
the 3 b's
impact of national migration on the growth of Reading
20,000 university students
A lot of pubs, convenience stores, take aways and pubs
impact on wider world migration of the character of Reading
4.5% Pakistani: corner shops
4% Indian: curry restaurants
2.5% Polish: polish food shops
how has urban change created opportunities
entertainment: Reading festival, purple turtle, oracle, oracle Vue
recreation: river mead Olympic pool, Reading football club
cultural mix: hexagon theatre, 20,000 university students
urban greening: living wall outside of the oracle
how has urban change created challenges
inequalities in housing: kidmore road, 950,000, Northumberland road, 400,000
inequalities in education: Highdown, 78% at grade 4 or higher, John madjeski academy, 42% at grade 4 or higher
inequalities in health: life expectancy 8 years lower in the poorer parts
why build station hill on this site
close to Reading train station
where is station hill
south of train station
north of friar street
main features of station hill
625,000sq foot offices
1,300 affordable homes
potential for a 200 bed hotel
bee keeping area
why the are needed regeneration for station hill
1st impression of Reading when leaving the train station
brownfield site
area where drugs, graffiti and crime was happening
Sustainable place example  
Freiburg
how Freiburg plans to be sustainable: social
local people who invest in renewable energy sources are given a free season ticket
possible building sites are discussed and recommended with view points of children considered
local people involved in urban planning
how Freiburg plans to be sustainable: economical
5 million of locals money has provided 9 windmills and 8 solar energy systems
how Freiburg plans to be sustainable: environmental
350 community collection points for recycling
garden waste collected each week to create electricity
reduce, reuse and recycle as much as possible
sustainable transport in Freiburg
in 1 year there was 25,000 more tram journeys taken and 30,000 less car journeys
on average 1 car per 2 residents
400km of cycle paths
costs 20,000 pound for a parking ticket in the city centre
sustainable resources in Freiburg: water
little water is pumped from reservoirs
most rainwater is harvested and collected
sustainable resources in Freiburg: energy
trying to make homes and offices better insulated so reducing the need for electricity
most electricity created by biomass
sustainable resources in Freiburg: creating green space
green spaces act as 'green lungs' of the city and help to clean the air
40% of the city is forest
56% of forest is nature conservation
stage 1 of the DTM
no country's
high birth rate
high death rate
stage 2 of the DTM
birth rate high
death rate starting to decrease
improvements in medical care, sanitation, water supply and quality of food
stage 3 of the DTM
NEEs
death rate decreasing still
birth rates starting to decrease
stage 4 of the DTM
birth and death rates decrease
stage 5 of the DTM
birth rate very low
death rate also low but higher that birth rate
physical factors for uneven development
poor climate: too hot, cold, dry so little will grow meaning a shortage in food. Less crops too sell.
Diseases: warmer country's often have tropical diseases like malaria.
few raw materials: so country's have less to sell and less to spend on development.
landlocked country's
poor farmland
historical reasons for uneven development
colonisation: country's that were colonised are often at a lower level of development like Zimbabwe.
conflict: can slow or reduce levels of development. If kids cant attend school because it is a conflict zone meaning it limits their opportunities in the future. Money spent on weapons instead of improving development.