Nigeria

• Location

  A NEE located in West Africa. Experiencing rapid economic growth. Poplulation = <200,000,000. Recent growth is due to the sale of oil.
• Importance

  Regional - Fastest growing economy in Africa. Highest GNP in Africa. Largest population in Africa. Hub for literature. Largest agricultural output and highest number of cattle. 3rd largest manufacturing sector.

  Global - World's 20th largest economy. 7th largest population. 13th largest producer of oil. 2nd largest film industry. 31st largest GDP (in 2018). Important role in UN peacekeeping. Lagos (Nigeria's largest city) is a "world city" with a strong economic and financial base.
• Context

  Social - Multi-cultural and multi-faith population. Over 500 languages. Social diversity is a strength but can also cause conflict.

  Environmental - Spans several climatic regions. Rainforest in south = tree crops of cocoa, palm oil and rubber. Savanna and grassland in north = field crops of cotton and millet, as well as cattle grazing. Semi-desert in the very north = grazing cattle.
• Context

  Cultural - 2nd largest film industry known as "Nollywood". Rich and varied culture due to social diversity. Won the African Cup of Nations 3 times.

  Political - Member of the Commonwealth. Regarded as a stable country since 1991. Increased confidence in the country has led to economic investment from China, South Africa and the USA.
• TNC's and Oil

  Step 1 - Companies errected drilling platorms on the oil and gas feilds around the Niger Delta.

  Step 2 - Platforms are linked by pipelines to export terminals in the Gulf of Guinnea.

  Step 3 - At the export terminal, the crude oil is piped into tankers.

  Step 4 - The oil is shipped to Europe and the USA where it is refined into petrol and othe oil products.
• Advantages of oil.

  91% of Shell's contracts have been given to Nigerian companies.

  The managers of Shell bring knowledge and expertise to Nigeria.

  Shell has supported the growth of Nigeria's energy sector via investment.

  Shell has invested huge amounts of money and expertise into extracting oil in the Niger Delta.

  The extraction of oil makes major contributions to taxes and export revenue.

  Shell provides direct employment for 65,000 Nigerian workers and a further 250,000 jobs in related industries.
• Tensions and environmental issues caused by oil.

  Oil spills from leaking pipelines damage farmland so crops no longer grow.

  Oli heated by the sun becomes highly flamable and can burn out of controll.

  Oil pollution, which occurs offshore from tankers, kills fish in the sea.

  Oil spills have caused water pollution and soil degradation.

  Gas flares are used to burn off gas from the oil - wasteful, fumes affect peoples health + contributes to global warming.

  Oil theft and sabotage are big problems, reducing production levels and costing TNC's + the govornment billions of $ every year.