respiratory

• epitaxis 


  nose bleed
• epitaxis causes

  street drugs

  trauma

  nasal sprays

  allergic rhinitis

  medication
• epitaxis (anterior)

  nose bleed in the front

  keep patient calm

  lean forward

  apply ice and pressure
• epistaxis (posterior)

  hydration and oral care

  no nsaid
• rhinitis(viral)

  "common cold"

  spread by droplet

  overcrowding

  compromised immune system

  increased in the winter
• rhinitis ( allergic)

  seasonal or chronic
• rhinitis manifestation

  rhinorrhea

  itching

  sneezing

  nasal congestion
• sinus usesself limited

  mucus

  warm oxygen

  voice resonance
• sinusitis manifestation

  pain over sinuses

  nasal drainage

  fever

  malaise
• collaborative care sinuses

  increase HOB

  nasal decongestions

  increase fluids

  nasal clearing techniques
• obstructive sleep apea

  periods during sleep where body stops breathing >10 seconds

  tongue falling back into airway

  causes from increase heart pumping
• OSA risk factors

  obesity

  smoking

  acromegaly
• influenza

  droplet precaution

  highly contagious

  annual flu vaccination
• influenza diagnosis

  viral cultures

  rapid flu test

  history and physical exam
• influenza care

  increase fluids

  washing hands

  bed rest

  flu vaccine

  supportive therapy- analgesic, oxygen, increase HOB, antipyretics
• acute bronchitis

  inflammation of the bronchi

  viral or bacteria
• acute bronchitis

  coughing

  SOB

  headache

  rhonic, wheezing
• acute bronchitis care

  antitussives

  analgesics

  bronchodilators

  rest and fluids
• tuberculosis

  airborne precaution

  caused by myobacterium tuberculosis
• latent TB

  non infection

  + skin test

  (-)chest x ray and sputum

  antibiotics- 6 TO 9 months
• tb risk factors

  homelessness

  immunocompromised

  poverty
• active tb

  four drug regimen

  monitor liver function

  Avoid alcohol

  may need direct observed therapy
• pneumonia

  infections caused by parachyma

  biggest risk over 65 and under 5
• hospital aquired pneumoniadifferent types of bacteria

  pneumonia aquired from the hospital

  type of bacteria affects type of treatment
• pneumonia diagnostic test

  sputum

  elevated wbcs

  c reactive protein

  chest x ray

  abnormal ABGs
• pulmonary embolism

  stems from DVT

  immobilization

  stroke

  obesity

  smoking

  oral contraceptive
• pulmonary embolism s/s

  dyspnea

  low o2

  sob

  chest pain

  tachycardia
• asthma

  wheezing

  dyspnea

  coughing

  tachycardia

  chest tightness
• asthma care

  monitor PEFR- amount of air blow out after full inhalation

  oxygen

  nebulizer

  medication
• COPD

  emphysema+ chronic bronchitis
• EMPHYSEMA(PINK PUFFER)

  AVELOI DAMAGE

  NON ELASTIC SACS
• CHRONIC BRONCHITIS(BLUE BLOATER)

  COUGH 3 MONTHS FOR TWO YEARS

  CAUSE FROM CIGARETTE SMOKING

  NARROWING OD VESSEL DUE TO CHRONIC INFLAMMATION
• EMPHYSEMA S/S

  DYSPNEA

  CLUBBING NAILS/ BARREL CHEST

  HYPERCAPNIA

  PURSED LIP BREATHING
• CHRONIC BRONCHITIS S/S

  COUGHING

  MUCUS

  RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS

  HYPOXIA
• COPD KEY POINTS

  O2 DRIVE

  1/2L NC O2 MAX

  maintain a 90-92% o2 sat
• COPD MANAGMENT

  CHEST PHYSIOTHERAPY

  NEBULIZERS

  AIRWAY SUCTIONING

  ANTITUSSIVES

  SMALL FREQUENT MEALS

  3L OF FLUID

  BRONCHODILATORS BEFORE EATING

  AVOID ANYTHING THAT INCREASE CHEWING FORCE