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Non Communicable Diseases
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Cards (17)
Coronary heart disease
Layers of
fatty
material build up inside the coronary arteries, narrowing them, reducing the flow of blood and oxygen to the
heart muscle
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Stents
Used to keep the
coronary arteries
open
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Statins
Widely used to reduce
blood cholesterol
levels which slows down the rate of
fatty
material deposit
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Heart valve
issues
Heart valves may become
faulty
, preventing the valve from opening fully, or the heart valve might develop a
leak
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Heart transplant
In the case of heart failure a donor heart, or
heart
and
lungs
can be transplanted
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Artificial hearts
Like
pacemakers
or mechanical valves (for
leaky valves
), are occasionally used to keep patients alive whilst waiting for a heart transplant, or to allow the heart to rest as an aid to recovery
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Health
The state of
physical
and
mental
well-being
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Causes of ill health
Diseases
, both communicable and
non-communicable
Diet
Stress
Life
situations
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Defects in the immune system
Individual is more likely to suffer from
infectious diseases
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Viruses living in
cells
Can be the
trigger
for
cancers
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Immune reactions initially caused by a
pathogen
Can trigger allergies such as skin
rashes
and
asthma
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Severe physical ill health
Can lead to
depression
and other
mental illness
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Risk
factors
Linked to an
increased
rate of a disease, can be aspects of a person's lifestyle or substances in the person's body or
environment
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Examples of risk factors with causal mechanisms proven
The effects of diet, smoking and exercise on cardiovascular
disease
Obesity
as a risk factor for Type
2
diabetes
The effect of
alcohol
on the liver and
brain
function
The effect of smoking on
lung
disease and
lung
cancer
The effects of smoking and
alcohol
on
unborn
babies
Carcinogens
, including ionising radiation, as risk factors in
cancer
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Benign tumours
Growths of abnormal cells which are contained in one area, usually within a
membrane
, do
not
invade other parts of the body
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Malignant
tumour cells
Cancers
, they invade neighbouring tissues and spread to different parts of the body in the blood where they form
secondary
tumours
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Risk factors for cancer
Lifestyle
Genetic
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