Non Communicable Diseases

    Cards (17)

    • Coronary heart disease
      Layers of fatty material build up inside the coronary arteries, narrowing them, reducing the flow of blood and oxygen to the heart muscle
    • Stents
      • Used to keep the coronary arteries open
    • Statins
      • Widely used to reduce blood cholesterol levels which slows down the rate of fatty material deposit
    • Heart valve issues

      • Heart valves may become faulty, preventing the valve from opening fully, or the heart valve might develop a leak
    • Heart transplant
      • In the case of heart failure a donor heart, or heart and lungs can be transplanted
    • Artificial hearts
      • Like pacemakers or mechanical valves (for leaky valves), are occasionally used to keep patients alive whilst waiting for a heart transplant, or to allow the heart to rest as an aid to recovery
    • Health
      The state of physical and mental well-being
    • Causes of ill health
      • Diseases, both communicable and non-communicable
      • Diet
      • Stress
      • Life situations
    • Defects in the immune system
      Individual is more likely to suffer from infectious diseases
    • Viruses living in cells
      Can be the trigger for cancers
    • Immune reactions initially caused by a pathogen
      Can trigger allergies such as skin rashes and asthma
    • Severe physical ill health
      Can lead to depression and other mental illness
    • Risk factors

      Linked to an increased rate of a disease, can be aspects of a person's lifestyle or substances in the person's body or environment
    • Examples of risk factors with causal mechanisms proven
      • The effects of diet, smoking and exercise on cardiovascular disease
      • Obesity as a risk factor for Type 2 diabetes
      • The effect of alcohol on the liver and brain function
      • The effect of smoking on lung disease and lung cancer
      • The effects of smoking and alcohol on unborn babies
      • Carcinogens, including ionising radiation, as risk factors in cancer
    • Benign tumours
      Growths of abnormal cells which are contained in one area, usually within a membrane, do not invade other parts of the body
    • Malignant tumour cells

      Cancers, they invade neighbouring tissues and spread to different parts of the body in the blood where they form secondary tumours
    • Risk factors for cancer
      • Lifestyle
      • Genetic
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