Urban issues and challenges

• Social opportunities 


  Across rio there are over 1000 public schools which provide free education. As a result adult literacy rate increases

  Legal resident recieve free universal healthcare
• Economic opportunities 


  Due to Rio's highly diversified economy. There are numerous employment opportunities
• Social challenges


  Access to services such as health care in urban areas is limited as a result infant mortality rate are high

  Affordable housing shortages lead to migrant living in overcrowded slums called favelas

  High crime rates
• Economic challenges


  High unemployment in favelas is near 20%

  One third of workers are in informal work sector this means that they are not getting paid enough and their jobs are not secure
• Environment challenges


  Air pollution is high from traffic congestion caused 5000 death a year

  Untreated water causes high water pollution

  Rio generates around 35 million tonnes of waste per year and the waste collection in the favelas is difficult because of steep and poorly built roads
• Urban planning


  The favela bairro project is where the city authorities aims to improve the living conditions in the favelas. Houses with water, sanitation system and electricity were built. Streetlights were also installed to improve the safety for residents
• Social and economic opportunities in London


  London is highly ethnically diverse with a wide range of international communities (s)

  Recreation and entertainment (s) London has a huge variety of sport and music revenues

  Employment (e) London has a lot of job opportunities

  Transport (s) London has an integrated network of tub lines and buses to help poeple go to work and school
• Social and economic challenges

  Inequalities in housin - house prices in London are rising faster therefore many people can't afford to buy any houses as well as the affordable housing that is available is often in poor condition

  Inequalities in education and employment- students living in poor areas leave school with few qualification this lead to high level of unemployment and low wages
• How urban transport scheme can be used to reduce traffic congestion?

  Electric buses- by making more Electric buses can help reduce air pollution